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| 佛法與現實佛教界間的距離── 以僧肇和印順法師的論述為中心=The Gap Between Dharma and the Reality of the Buddhist Community: Centering on the Discourses of Seng-zhao and Master Yin-shun | ||
| 作者 | 杜忠全 (著)=Toh, Teong-chuan (au.) |
|---|---|
| 出處題名 | 圓光佛學學報=Yuan Kuang Journal of Buddhist Studies |
| 卷期 | n.45 |
| 出版日期 | 2025.06 |
| 頁次 | 39 - 80 |
| 出版者 | 圓光佛學研究所=Yuan Kuang Buddhist College |
| 出版者網址 | http://www.ykbi.edu.tw/ |
| 出版地 | 桃園縣, 臺灣 [Taoyuean hsien, Taiwan] |
| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
| 使用語言 | 中文=Chinese |
| 關鍵詞 | 印順法師=Master Yin-shun; 僧肇=Seng-zhao; 龍樹學=Nāgārjuna Studies; 般若空=the emptiness of Prajñā; 佛法與現實佛教界間的距離=gap between the Dharma and thereality of the Buddhist community |
| 摘要 | 僧肇（A.D. 384–414）與印順法師（A.D. 1906–2005）是分別處身於中國佛教漫長歷史之不同階段的思想人物，二人相隔近一千五百年，時代角色互有異同。印順法師身處中國佛教長期積弱、法義衰微的民國時代，為探求佛教教法的本源與流變，決定投身鑽研與考察印度佛教；其最初以追求「純正的佛法」為目標，進而關切所處身的現實佛教界，提出「佛法與現實佛教界間的距離」之時代關懷。中古時代的僧肇，亦在其〈不真空論〉中闡揚印度般若學論典所揭示之龍樹空義，並據以批評當時流行的「六家」學說。前有僧肇，後有印順，二人皆服膺於龍樹學說，並對自身所面對的中國佛教思想界提出批評，認為現實佛教界所闡揚的佛教思想，與印度佛教典籍中所蘊藏的義理之間存在距離。本文以印順法師所揭示之「佛法與現實佛教界間的距離」為視角，考察僧肇對東晉時代中國佛教般若學的批評，發現僧肇基於其對龍樹空義之掌握，分別針對心無宗偏於主觀認知、即色宗偏於客觀現象之空觀，以及本無宗將空實有化而作為本體第一因之主張加以批評與導正。此一批評，與一千多年後印順法師基於對經典「佛法」之掌握，而對「現實佛教界」俗化之信仰與實踐所展開的批判，雖處今古不同時代，卻交相輝映，展現出學問僧對「現實佛教界」從不同角度所表現的深切關懷。 Seng-zhao (僧肇, A.D. 384–414) and Master Yin-shun (印順, A.D. 1906–2005) were prominent intellectual figures who lived during markedly different periods in the extensive history of Chinese Buddhism. They were separated by nearly 1,500 years and exhibited both similarities and differences in their historical roles. In the first half of the twentieth century, when Chinese Buddhism had long been in decline and the Dharma was perceived to be waning, Master Yin-shun undertook a dedicated inquiry into Indian Buddhism in order to trace the origins and historical development of Buddhist doctrine. His initial goal was to pursue “authentic Dharma”; he subsequently turned his attention to the reality of the Buddhist community in which he lived and raised the issue of the “gap between the Dharma and the reality of the Buddhist community” (佛法與現實佛教界間的距離) as a pressing contemporary concern. Fifteen centuries earlier, Seng-zhao, in his Treatise on the Śūnyatā of the Unreal (Buzhen kong lun, 不真空論), articulated the concept of śūnyatā in accordance with Nāgārjuna’s Madhyamaka philosophy and employed it to critique the prevailing doctrines of the Six Prajñā Schools (六家). Both Seng-zhao and Master Yin-shun, deeply influenced by Nāgārjuna’s thought, offered critiques of Chinese Buddhist intellectual trends, arguing that prevailing interpretations had deviated from the principles preserved in early Indian Buddhist texts. This paper analyzes Seng-zhao’s critique of Prajñā thought during the Jin dynasty through the lens of Master Yin-shun’s concept of the “gap between the Dharma and the reality of the Buddhist community.” It argues that Seng-zhao, drawing upon his understanding of Nāgārjuna’s concept of emptiness, challenged and sought to rectify the biases inherent in the Hsin-wu Sect’s (心無宗) emphasis on subjective cognition, the Chi-se Sect’s (即色宗) overly objectified view of phenomena, and the Pen-wu Sect’s (本無宗) reification of emptiness as an ontological first principle. These critiques may be understood as responses to a “gap between the Dharma and the reality of the Buddhist community,” a concern that mirrors Master Yin-shun’s later efforts to critique contemporary Chinese Buddhism on the basis of his interpretation of canonical Dharma. While acknowledging their distinct historical contexts, this paper demonstrates a consistent expression of scholarly concern for the integrity of the Buddhist community across these two figures. |
| 目次 | 一、前言 44 二、概念的引起：印順法師的「佛法與現實佛教界間的距離」說 46 三、〈不真空論〉中僧肇之「佛法與現實佛教界間的距離」 56 四、僧肇與印順法師之面對「現實佛教界」 69 五、結論 75 |
| ISSN | 16086848 (P) |
| 點閱次數 | 1 |
| 建檔日期 | 2025.12.21 |
| 更新日期 | 2025.12.21 |
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