Table of Contents iii List of Tables vii Preface ix Introduction 1 Research Review 5 Overview of the Work 18 Grammar 21 1.1. Background 21 1.2. Substance (dravya) and Class Property (ākṛti) 23 1.3. The Denotation of Generic Terms 39 1.4. Equivalence of the Two Views 58 1.5. Solutions on the View that a Class Property is Denoted 64 1.6. Patañjali's Solution 77 1.7. Quality Words 79 1.8. Pāṇini 1.2.58 84 1.9. Conclusion of the Grammar Section 87 Pāṇini 1.2.58 Translation 91 Pāṇini 1.2.64 Outline 99 Pāṇini 1.2.64 Translation 101 Nyāya 151 2.1. Background 151 2.2. The Nature of a Generic Property, an Individual, and a Form 152 2.3. A Generic Term Denotes All Three Together 163 Gautama 2.2.58-69 Outline 169 Gautama 2.2.58-69 Translation 173 Mīmāṃsā 195 3.1. Background 195 3.2. The Eternal Nature of a Word, its Meaning, and their Relation 198 3.3. The Nature of an Individual and of a Class Property 205 3.4. Analysis of Arguments in the Ākṛtyadhikaraṇa 223 3.5. Criteria of Denotation 229 3.6. Words Denoting Qualities 251 3.7. Conclusions Drawn from Models in Mīmāṃsā and Nyāya 255 Ākṛtyadhikaraṇa Outline 263 Jaimini 1.1.5 Translation 269 Jaimini 1.3.30-35 Translation 273 General Conclusion 289 Abbreviations 297 Bibliography 299 Index 325
