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| Rows of Auspicious Seats: The Role of bzhugs gral phun sum tshogs pa’i rten ‘brel Ritual in the Founding of the First Bhutanese State in the 17th Century | ||
| 作者 | Dorji Penjore (著) |
|---|---|
| 出處題名 | Journal of Bhutan Studies |
| 卷期 | v.24 Summer |
| 出版日期 | 2011 |
| 頁次 | 1 - 42 |
| 出版者 | The Centre for Bhutan Studies |
| 出版者網址 | https://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/ |
| 出版地 | Thimphu, Bhutan [廷布, 不丹] |
| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
| 使用語言 | 英文=English |
| 附註項 | Author Affiliation: Researcer, the Centre for Bhutan Studies, Thimphu, Bhutan. |
| 摘要 | This paper analyses centuries-old Bhutanese ritual, bzhugs gral phun sum tshogs pa’i rten ‘brel. Literally translated as ‘auspicious seating row’, its performance is believed to bring auspiciousness, and as such any significant public function in Bhutan compulsorily begins with performance of this ritual. That the ritual brings auspiciousness is ingrained in the Bhutanese psyche. The paper discusses the significance of the ritual in context of ‘invented tradition’ as posited by Hobsbawm and in light of Foucault’s ‘governmentality’ to generate alternative understanding of the ritual, and explore its role in the founding of first Bhutanese state in the 17th century. It argues that the ritual is not a novel invention but rather a reinvented tradition with antecedent in monastic institution, which was then modified, ritualised, and institutionalised to establish and legitimise a new Bhutanese state. Further, an analysis of its concurrent religious, political, economic, socio-cultural roles is offered: consolidation and perpetuation of Drukpa Kagyu (‘brug pa bka’ brgyud) authority; securing loyalty to the dual system of governance (chos srid lugs gnyis); imposition of a pseudo-monastic discipline (sgrigs lam rnam bzhag) on the people; and the replacement of a highly decentralised social structure with hierarchal and centralised social order. |
| 目次 | Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The Origin of zhugdral 3 The Ritual 4 Key components of zhugdral 7 The Offerings 8 Auspicious Grains 10 Auspicious fruits 11 Zhugdral and the Founding of the Bhutanese State 11 Alternative Interpretive Frameworks 14 Religious 18 Political 19 Economic 20 Social and cultural 22 Conclusion 24 References 26 Primary sources 26 Secondary sources 26 Appendix One: Offerings made in all three types of zhugdral 29 Appendix Two: The Zhugdral Verses 31 The Verses of Kaser offering 31 The Verses of Saffron Fragrance Offering 32 The Verses of tea offering 33 The Verses for Alcohol Offering 34 The Verses of Zhugdral Phunsum Tshogpa Ceremony 35 The Verses of Aspiration 41 The Auspicious Verses of Conclusion 42 |
| ISSN | 1608411X (P) |
| 點閱次數 | 3 |
| 建檔日期 | 2024.10.28 |
| 更新日期 | 2024.10.28 |
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