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| Modern-Day School Prayer: How Public Schools Are Teaching Buddhist Meditation in Violation of the Establishment Clause | ||
| 作者 | Engle, Drew D. (著) |
|---|---|
| 出處題名 | Creighton Law Review |
| 卷期 | v.52 n.3 |
| 出版日期 | 2019 |
| 頁次 | 325 - 352 |
| 出版者 | Creighton University School of Law |
| 出版者網址 | https://www.creighton.edu/law |
| 出版地 | Omaha, Nebraska, USA [奧馬哈, 內布拉斯加州, 美國] |
| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
| 使用語言 | 英文=English |
| 附註項 | Author Affiliation: Graduate of the Creighton University School of Law, class of 2019, USA |
| 目次 | I. INTRODUCTION 325 II. BACKGROUND 326 A. SUPREME COURT CASES REGARDING RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS 327 1. Engel v. Vitale: The Supreme Court Recognizes Minor Endorsements of Religion as Potentially Coercive 327 2. School District of Abington Township v. Schempp: The Supreme Court Emphasizes the Importance of Neutrality as Embodied in the First Amendment 328 3. Wallace v. Jaffree: The Supreme Court Acknowledges the Subtle Ways in Which the Establishment Clause can be Eroded 331 4. Lee v. Weisman: The Supreme Court Focuses on the Potential Coercive Aspects of a Nominally Secular Invocation at a Graduation Ceremony 332 5. Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe: The Supreme Court Relies on the Perception of an Objective Observer to Determine the Constitutionality of a School Activity 333 B. MINDFULNESS 335 1. The Buddhist Origins of Mindfulness 335 2. Jon Kabat-Zinn and Stealth Buddhism 337 3. Mindfulness in Public School 339 III. ANALYSIS 341 A. MINDFULNESS Is BUDDHISM REPACKAGED 341 B. BUDDHIST EXERCISES IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS ARE A VIOLATION OF THE ESTABLISHMENT CLAUSE 342 1. The Preference for Mindfulness Exercises over other Religious Practices Violates the Concept of Neutrality Inherent in the First Amendment 342 2. The Diverse Religious Makeup of Mindfulness does not Prevent Mindfulness Exercises From Violating the Establishment Clause 343 3. The Means of Mindfulness Instruction Indicate a Religious Purpose 344 4. Including Mindfulness as Part of the Public School Curriculum Coerces Participation in Religious Exercises 346 5. When Mindfulness is Part of the Curriculum, Participation can Never Truly be Voluntary 347 6. The Pervasiveness of Mindfulness Exercises in Public Schools Plainly Suggests State Endorsement of Religious Activity 348 7. An Objective Observer Would Perceive Mindfulness Exercises as an Endorsement of Buddhist Meditation 348 IV. CONCLUSION 350 |
| ISSN | 00111155 (P) |
| 點閱次數 | 13 |
| 建檔日期 | 2024.08.09 |
| 更新日期 | 2024.08.09 |
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