Author Affiliation: Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
關鍵詞
Buryats; Soviet ideology; Buddhism; renovationists; conservatives; political identity; ethnic culture; traditions; functions of religion
摘要
This paper explores the Buryat Bolsheviks’ efforts to replace the religious identity of fellow Buryats with a Soviet identity in the wake of the Russian Revolution, and analyses the ways in which the Buddhist community attempted to adapt to totalitarian rule. In addition to fostering a general atmosphere of intolerance to religion, considered an antagonistic worldview, the Bolsheviks set out to promote the cultural assimilation of this non-Russian population within the Russian ethnic majority. This entailed a programme of education in the spirit of Soviet patriotism and loyalty, designed to ensure the ideological unity of the nation. Over a short historical period from the early 1920s to the early 1930s, the attitude of the Soviet authorities towards Buddhist religion, clergy and believers shifted radically, from tolerance towards the religion of the ‘oppressed non-Russian masses’ to uncompromising antagonism and the targeting of religion as a class enemy that must be annihilated in the name of creating ‘a new man’.
目次
Abstract 242 Keywords 242 Buddhism in the Russian Empire: The Outer Enemy 242 After the October Revolution: Domestic Buddhism as a Class Enemy 244 Evincing Loyalty: Buddhist Clergy Masters the Soviet Language 247 Soviet Language as the Marker of the New Mentality 254 Conclusion 258 References 258
