Gathering Southward under Secularization and Syncretism: Study of the Spatial-Temporal Distribution and Influencing Factors of Chinese Historical Buddhist Architecture in Zhejiang
secularization trend; Chinese historical Buddhist architecture; spatial-temporal distribution; influencing factors
摘要
After Buddhism spread to the Zhejiang, it underwent sinicization, giving rise to Chinese Buddhist architecture and forming a secularized character. The spatial-temporal distribution of historical Buddhist architecture in Zhejiang is strongly representative of Buddhist architecture. From the perspective of religious cultural geography, this study takes 11 prefecture-level cities of Zhejiang as the basic research units, and employs the spatial-analysis method of ArcGIS to analyze the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of representative historical Buddhist architectural samples, and to explore the factors affecting their distribution. The research results indicate that the spatial distribution of representative historical Buddhist architectural samples in the Zhejiang is extensive, with a distinct single-core clustering characteristic. The mean-center movement of the representative historical Buddhist architectural samples in Zhejiang during different historical periods manifests in four distinct directional phases, overall moving from north to south. Natural, transportation, political, technological, economic, and religious cultural transmission factors collectively influence the spatial-temporal distribution of Buddhist architecture in Zhejiang. Especially the secularization of Buddhism and the syncretism of Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism have been the primary drivers in the spatial-temporal distribution evolution of Buddhist architecture.
目次
Abstract 1 Keywords 1 1. Introduction 1 1.1. The Evolution Trend of Buddhist Culture in Zhejiang 1 1.2. The Secularization Trend in the Development of Historical Buddhist Architecture in Zhejiang 2 1.3. Research Methods of the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Historical Buddhist Architecture under the Influence of Religious Geography 4 2. Data Sources and Research Methods 5 2.1. Data Sources 5 2.2. Research Methods 5 2.2.1. Kernel Density Estimation Method 6 2.2.2. The Average Nearest‑Neighbor Index Method 6 2.2.3. Mean Center Method 7 3. Spatial-Temporal Pattern and Evolution of Historical Buddhist Architecture in Zhejiang 7 3.1. Spatial‑Distribution Characteristics of the Representative Historical Buddhist Architecture in Zhejiang 7 3.2. The Temporal–Variation Characteristics of Representative Historical Buddhist Architecture in Zhejiang 9 4. Factors Influencing the Spatial-temporal Evolution of Representative Historical Buddhist Architectural Sites in Zhejiang 15 4.1. Natural Resource Endowment and Transportation Resource Utilization 15 4.1.1. The Relationship between the Spatial Distribution of Buddhist Architecture and the Terrain 15 4.1.2. The Relationship between Spatial Distribution of Buddhist Architecture and Rivers 15 4.1.3. The Relationship between the Spatial Distribution of Historical Buddhist Architecture and Transportation 16 4.2. Development and Evolution of Buddhist Architecture under the Influence of the Buddhism's Secularization Trend 18 4.2.1. The Initial Introduction and Integration Phase of Buddhist Architecture 18 4.2.2. The Flourishing Development of Buddhist Architecture under the Influence of Diverse Societal Factors 21 4.2.3. The Transformation to Practical Utilitarianism during the Decline Phase of Buddhist Architecture Development 26 5. Conclusions and Discussion 29 5.1. Conclusions 29 5.2. Discussion 31 Funding 32 Institutional Review Board Statement 32 Informed Consent Statement 32 Data Availability Statement 32 Conflicts of Interest 32 Notes 32 References 33
