Author Affiliation: University of Erfurt, Germany.
關鍵詞
Gandharan cities; Barikot; lived ancient Buddhism; urban religion
摘要
By moving beyond the walls of monumental religious architecture, this article adopts a city-lens approach to the investigation of lived Buddhism in the third century cities of northern Gandhara. Based on the evidence available for the city of Barikot (Swat, N Pakistan), the layered complexity of urban religiosity is approached here through a contextual analysis of the built-up environment and intra-site spatial distribution of religious artefacts. By focusing on the interaction of three distinct urban realms (household, inter-household, Buddhist saṃgha) in two specific urban spaces, domestic spaces and urban temples, an argument is made for both the existence of a multi-layered household religiosity with compartmentalised forms of religious communication as well as for the appropriation of urban forms of religious communication by the urban Buddhist communities.
目次
“Back to the City”: An Urban Approach to the Archaeology of Buddhism 100 Third Century Barikot and Its South-Western Periphery 101 The Urban Buddhist Temples 104 Ritual Spaces in Residential Units: Shrine D 109 Comparisons with Other Urban Buildings: Layout and “Fixed” Features 109 “Unfixed” Features: Patterns of Spatial Behaviour 110 Terracotta Figurines 111 Shell Bangles 112 Small Stele Statues 116 Everyday Practices: Multi-Layered Household Religiosity 117 Traditional Commoner Ritual Practices 117 Individual Ritual Practices 117 Inter-Household Ritual Practices 117 Beyond Stupas: Appropriations of Urban Religious Forms 118 Structural Transformations of the Saṃgha 120 Appropriation of Urban Religious Media and Practices 120 NOTES 121
