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| 中國佛教考古學的調查、發掘與研究=중국불교고고학의 조사, 발굴과 연구=The current state of research regarding Buddhist archaeoology in China | ||
| 作者 | 龔國強 (著) |
|---|---|
| 出處題名 | 불교와 사회=佛教與社會=The Journal of Buddhism and Society |
| 卷期 | v.5 n.0 |
| 出版日期 | 2013 |
| 頁次 | 91 - 148 |
| 出版者 | 중앙승가대학교 불교학연구원 |
| 出版地 | Gimpo, Korea [金浦市, 韓國] |
| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
| 使用語言 | 中文=Chinese |
| 附註項 | 着者所屬：中國社會科學院考古硏究所 |
| 摘要 | 佛教自東漢傳入中國以後 經過漢至三國兩晉時期佛教輸入和模仿的第一階段以後,在北朝 唐代時期進入了快速發展、改造和逐步中國化的階段至宋元明清時期佛教已經完全本地化。佛教在中國的發展 除了其在印度傳統佛教思想的基礎上 根據中國本地國情適應和調整的內在原因外 還在於自東晉以後爭取到了歷代統治者及其廣大民眾大力支持的外在因素 故此發展迅速 不僅可與中國本地產生的道教分庭抗禮 很多時期甚至還壓過一頭 以至佛寺佛塔在全國遍地開花 到處可見 並且規模等級不斷提高 幾可比擬於皇宮建築 同時 僧尼人眾不斷擴大 勢力得到空前的壯大 從而對中國各時期社會政治、經濟、文化藝術等各個方面造成了重大的歷史影響 成為國內外學術界的重要研究對象。 佛教在發展過程中 佛教建築和佛教藝術作品等是佛教思想傳播和闡釋的重要實物媒介 發揮了不可替代的重要作用。經過千百年的洗禮 中國大地上留下了大量的佛教寺廟、佛塔、石窟、佛教雕塑和壁畫、佛教文獻、佛教用品等遺跡遺物。因此 佛教考古學調查、發掘和研究 已經成為中國考古學的重要組成部分和重要分支學科。 .中國佛教考古是以佛教遺跡遺物為研究對象的考古學分支 主要分石窟寺、平地和山地佛寺兩大部分 其中包括與兩者密切相關的造像、壁畫、碑刻、經幢、佛教用品等等 涉及到古代歷史、古代建築史、美術史、哲學宗教史、古代文獻學、民族學、科技考古、中外文化交流史等諸多研究科目。目前 中國石窟寺考古研究較為系統和獨立 成果豐富 蔚為大觀 而平地和山地佛寺遺址的考古研究則相對比較薄弱 尚需要進一步發展和提高。 下面 我將從中國佛教考古學調查和發掘回顧、主要研究課題、以及問題和展望等三個方面進行簡要論述 誠祈學界同仁指導和批評。 Buddhism was introduced into China from the Eastern Han Dynasty , and after imput and imitation of Chinese Buddhism to the Three Kingdoms period of the first stage, it entered a rapid development, reform and gradually phase of chinese localization during the period of the Northern Dynasties and Tang Dynasty, until Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Buddhism has been completely localized. Development of Buddhism in China, in addition to its intrinsic reason that on the basis of the traditional Indian Buddhist thought, then adapt and adjust to local conditions of China, but also because of the extenal factors that after the Eastern Jin Dynasty it got the strong support of the rulers and the general public. Therefore, its rapid development can not only rival with Taoism, many times, it even pressure over the Taoism. It led that Buddhist stupa in the country as well as everywhere, and the level of the scale was constantly improved. a few can be compared with the palace buildings. Meanwhile all the monks and nuns who constantly expanding forces have received unprecedented growth. In the development process of the Buddhism, as the spread and interpretation medium of the Buddhist thought, Buddhist architecture and works of art played an irreplaceable important role. So Buddhist archaeological surveys, excavations and research have become an important part and branch of Chinese archaeology. Chinese Buddhist archaeology is an archaeology branch that study with the Buddhist relics. it is divided into two parts, cave temples, plains and mountain temple. Currently, Chinese Cave Temple archaeology research is comparatively systematic and independent. It also got a lot of rich results. But the flat and mountain temple ruins of archaeological research is relatively weak, it still needs further development and improvement. Although Chinese Buddhist archaeology have got great achievements. there are still many problems. Cave Temple partitions, staging still needs to be fully carried out. Relationships across regions and between regions within the cave temples and the comprehensive study of the cave temples are still relatively weak. There are many Buddhist relics that only be excavated of the layout. There are almost no Buddhist temple ruins that were completely excavated. The reports of the Buddhist archaeological sites is so rarely that it can not fulfill with the needs of researhers. Comparative Study of fragmented temple is not comprehensive enough. Buddhist sects and Buddhist temples in the form of relationship is not clear and its relationship with are Cities, towns, etc. are worth to explore. In recent years, more and more scholars are concerned and paying attention to the Buddhist archaeology.Surveys and excavations of the ruins began to increase.it greatly promoted the development of Buddhism-related archaeological research.Related researches become more sophisticated, systematic, and technological. It shows that the development of Chinese Buddhist archeology is incomparably great. 불교는 동한시기 중국으로 전래된 이래, 漢代와 三國, 兩晋시기의 불교수입과 모 방의 첫 단계를 거쳐, 북조시기에서 唐代에 이르러 발전, 개조, 중국화의 단계에 들 어간다. 이후, 송·원·명·청시기에 이르러 불교는 완전히 토착화되었다. 중국에서 의 불교 발전은 인도 전통불교 사상의 기초와 더불어 중국적 상황에 대한 적응과 조 절이라는 내재적인 |
| ISSN | 20929277 (P) |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.33521/jbs.2013.5.0.91 |
| 點閱次數 | 121 |
| 建檔日期 | 2023.12.24 |
| 更新日期 | 2023.12.24 |
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