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| Early Chinese Migrant Religious Identities in Pre-1947 Canada | ||
| 作者 | Marshall, Alison R. (著) |
|---|---|
| 出處題名 | Buddhist-Christian Studies |
| 卷期 | v.43 |
| 出版日期 | 2023 |
| 頁次 | 235 - 246 |
| 出版者 | University of Hawai'i Press |
| 出版者網址 | http://www.uhpress.hawaii.edu/t3-buddhist-christian-studies.aspx |
| 出版地 | Honolulu, HI, US [檀香山, 夏威夷州, 美國] |
| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
| 使用語言 | 英文=English |
| 附註項 | |
| 關鍵詞 | bioregionalism; British Columbia; Buddhism; built environment; China; Chinatown; Chinese Canadian history; Chinese nationalism; Chinese religion; Christianity; Confucianism; freedom of religion; guomindang; KMT; Manitoba; migration; racism; Saskatchewan; Sun Yat-sen |
| 摘要 | Religion for many of Canada's earliest Chinese community was not about faith or belief in God, the Buddha, or the Goddess of Compassion (Guanyin). While the majority of Chinese migrants did not convert to Christianity or Buddhism before 1947, a very large number of them joined and became converted to Chinese nationalism (Zhongguo guomindang, aka KMT). This paper reflects on the findings of sixteen years of ethnographic and archival research to understand how sixty-two years of institutionalized racism in Canada, along with bioregionalism and the built environment, determined Chinese migrant religious identities and behaviors in Canada up to 1947. Different Canadian provinces not only had different race-based laws that restricted individual rights and freedoms, they also had varying bioregional characteristics that influenced experiences and interactions with the built environments of churches, temples, and clubhouses. Chinese migrants adapted to legislation that limited their personal rights and freedoms by being efficacious or ling by professing Christian identities in public settings. They might have made offerings to Buddhist deities and frequented Buddhist temples in their home village before migration. But in Canada, being Buddhist was associated with being Japanese, and it was efficacious to be a practicing Buddhist in private. For Canada's Chinese migrants, it was conversion to Chinese nationalism and the veneration of Sun Yat-sen that was the epitome of ling. Being a devoted member met important practical as well as spiritual needs. |
| ISSN | 08820945 (P); 15279472 (E) |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1353/bcs.2023.a907581 |
| 點閱次數 | 46 |
| 建檔日期 | 2023.12.20 |
| 更新日期 | 2023.12.20 |
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