Theoretical Approaches The Kalmyks: Lost Locale Kalmyk History and Social Structure Loss of Homeland Kalmyk Religious Beliefs-Kalmyk Buddhism Tibetan Buddhism and its Connection to the Mongols Lamaism and Mongolian Shamanism (16th-17th Century) Shamanism in Mongolia in the 17th Century Buddhist Suppression of Shamanism in Mongolia in the 17th Century Shamanic Practice in Kalmykia in the 19th-early 20th Century Perceptions of Dislocation: Lay People Regeneration of Buddhism: Lamas Lama Healers Shaman Healers The Buryats: Home and Hearth The Eagle has Flown (from Mongolia to Buryatia) Buryat History of Place and Kinship Spiritual Territorial Cults, as Related to the Social Organization of the Buryats Erosion of Locale: History of Conquest-Russian and Soviet Periods Buddhism in Buryatia Lamaism and Shamanism Some Notes on Shamanism Prior to and during the Soviet Period The Voice of the Buryat Shamans (with some comments from lay people) Kurumkan Region Barguzin Region / Ulan-Ude Ulan-Ude Kabansk Region Abakan, Khakhasia Ust-Orda. Western Buryat Shamans and Lay People in their Traditional Homeland Ol'khon. Manhan, Valentin, Inkhirei and the Tailagan The Tuvinians: The Spirits are Still Here Ceremony in Nature: Rosa and Duu-Dori History of Tuva Tuvinian Clans and Patronymic Groups in the Period Prior to USSR Annexation Buddhism in Tuva Survivors Tuvinian Lamas Tibetan Lamas Tuvinian Shamanic Complex Tuvinian Shamans: Spiritual Connection to Nature Locale: Vulnerable, yet Powerful What this is not: Theory Revisited Review of Data of each Republic: Kalmykia, Buryatia, and Tuva Cross-cultural Comparisons Central Problem Reviewed