|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note di Iconografia Gandharica v. Appunti sul Vajrapāni-Eracle |
|
|
|
| 作者 |
Santoro, Arcangela (著)
|
|---|
| 出處題名 |
Rivista degli studi orientali
|
|---|
| 卷期 | v.65 n.3/4 |
|---|
| 出版日期 | 1991 |
|---|
| 頁次 | 269 - 309 |
|---|
| 出版者 | Sapienza - Universita di Roma |
|---|
| 出版者網址 |
https://www.uniroma1.it/it/pagina-strutturale/home
|
|---|
| 出版地 | Roma, Italy [羅馬, 義大利] |
|---|
| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
|---|
| 使用語言 | 義大利文=Italian |
|---|
| 附註項 | Author Affiliation: Sapienza University of Rome, Italy. |
|---|
| 摘要 | The problem we are facing in this paper is whether the adoption of a Heraclean typology for the gandharan Vajrapāni reveals its entire meaning in the purely figurative sphere, or whether it is the outcome and the sign of a functional analogy between the two.
In examining the iconography of the gandharan Vajrapāṇi, the A. underlines how side by side with images generically inspired by the Greek hero there are representations which coincide totally with those of Heracles, the only distinctive and identifying element in them being the substitution of the vajra for the club. In one case, unique at present, the Vajrapāṇi grasps both vajra and club. But Heracles' club has so to say been iconographically translated into the Indian mace, attribute and symbol by antonomasia of the Kuṣāṇa kings.
It is difficult to read an iconography of this kind as a passive transfer from the classic repertory without there having been any semantic motivation, rather it suggests forcefully the possibility of assimilation, dictated by a functional analogy between the gandharan yaksa and the Greek hero. However, this analogy does not seem to the A. to be identifiable with the bellicose and quasi-martial role common to both, such as has recently been put forward by F.B. Flood. The warlike activity is undoubtedly the most striking but not, therefore, the only of most significant fact.
Considering the question of Heracles' eminence in India, it is evident that starting with the Graeco-bactrian period until the KuṢāṇa empire the Greek hero is indissolubly linked to the sovereign.
This fact, already observed by many scholars, has been interpreted as attributing to the hero the function of founder of the dynasty and/or protector of the dynast. The A., however, holds that this association should, rather, be connected to the idea of Heracles as the model and prototype of the ideal sovereign, an idea formulated by Hellenism, exalted and embodied by Alexander the Great, inherited and developed by the successors of the Macedonian king. An idea which also prevailed among the Bactrian Greeks and the successive dynasties in the North-West. An idea, finally, which can and perhaps should be put in relation to that of the Indian cakravartin, to which it is linked by various coincidences.
It also seems possible to relate the gandharan Vajrapṇṇi to a semantic sphere, similarly connected with regal values.
Also in this case the most striking data drawn from the texts are bellicose and quasi-martial, but a more careful examination indicates in this warlike activity the epiphenomenon of the capacity to defeat and break the resistance and permit thetriumphant affirmation of dharma, that is to say a new cosmic and moral order which is also reflected at the earthly level.
Various elements, both literary and figurative, reconnect the Vajrapāṇi with kingship: its original identity with Indra, model and above all archetype of the function and task of the universal sovereign; the vajra, identifying attribute, sign and symbol of the creating and ordering power, axial and central element by antonomasia. And, finally, further to the vajra, the presence of numerous and varied attributes, all of which without exception are part of the paraphernalia of the earthly cakravartin.
The kingship, of which the Vajrapāṇi is the expression and bearer, is the cosmic and spiritual kingship of Buddha, certainly not that of earthly kingship. However there are numerous points of contact between the two levels which, far from being seen as extraneous each to the other, should rather be considered as, in a certain sense, modelled the one on the other.
It is therefore likely that the image of the Vajrapāṇi sub specie Herculis far from being an unmotivated and passive iconographie transposition indicates, rather, a conscious choice, motivated by the association of both with the sphere of regality. |
|---|
| 目次 | ENGLISH SUMMARY 308 |
|---|
| ISSN | 03924866 (P); 17241863 (E) |
|---|
| 點閱次數 | 118 |
|---|
| 建檔日期 | 2023.11.27 |
|---|
| 更新日期 | 2023.11.27 |
|---|
 |
建議您使用 Chrome, Firefox, Safari(Mac) 瀏覽器能獲得較好的檢索效果，IE不支援本檢索系統。
|
|
