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| Diversity, Risk Mediation, and Change in a Trans-Himalayan Agropastoral System | ||
| 作者 | Mishra, Charudutt (著) ; Prins, Herbert H. T. (著) ; van Wieren, Sipke E. (著) |
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| 出處題名 | Human Ecology |
| 卷期 | v.31 n.4 |
| 出版日期 | 2003.12 |
| 頁次 | 595 - 609 |
| 出版者 | Springer |
| 出版者網址 | http://www.springeronline.com |
| 出版地 | New York, NY, US [紐約, 紐約州, 美國] |
| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
| 使用語言 | 英文=English |
| 關鍵詞 | mountain; land use; Buddhism; rangeland; agriculture |
| 摘要 | We describe the diversity and dynamism of social, agricultural, and livestock husbandry practices in a traditional mountain production system in the Indian Trans-Himalaya. These are interpreted in the context of their role in mediating environmental risk. The production system is a little known Buddhist agropastoral system in the high altitude Spiti Valley (agriculture up to 4450 m, livestock grazing 4900 m, total area ca. 12,000 km2) in the Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh. The local population (ca. 10,000) belongs to one of the three Buddhist sects Gelukpa, Shakyapa, or Ningmapa, is related by blood, and shares a common Tibetan dialect. Family is the basic unit of production, though families are highly dependent upon the community to meet production goals. A village council appointed on rotation and functioning democratically is responsible for village administration, and is the arbiter of all decision-making pertaining to collective work and settling disputes. The council ensures equal access of families to common resources, as well as equitable distribution of responsibilities among them. Systems of primogeniture, celibacy, and polygamy seem to have prevented the fragmentation of land holdings and limited population growth. The diversity of practices in the agropastoral system seems adapted to the risk-prone mountainous environment, the risks being climatic, geological, and those posed by wildlife. The system seems to aim at maximizing production while mediating environmental risk. The production system comes forth as highly dynamic, characterized by continuous innovation and experimentation. Recent changes in the production system are in response to both changes in local conditions as well as increasing integration of the local economy with regional markets. though many aspects of the traditional lifestyle continue to be maintained. |
| 目次 | Introduction 596 Spiti and its Production System 597 Diversity and Risk Mediation 599 Social Systems 599 The Agricultural System 602 The Livestock Production System 603 Dynamism in the Production System 605 Social Changes 605 Agricultural Innovations 605 Changes in the Livestock Production System 606 Conclusions 607 References 608 |
| ISSN | 03007839 (P); 15729915 (E) |
| 點閱次數 | 159 |
| 建檔日期 | 2023.11.16 |
| 更新日期 | 2023.11.16 |
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