Despite a growing literature revealing the presence of millenarian movements in both Theravada and Mahayana Buddhist societies, scholars have been remarkably reluctant to consider the role of messianic beliefs in Buddhist societies. Khruuba Srivichai (1878-1938) is the most famous monk of northern Thailand and is widely revered as a tonbun , or saint. Although tonbun has been depoliticized in the modern context, the term also refers to a savior who is an incarnation of the coming Maitreya Buddha. In 1920 Srivichai was sent under arrest to the capital city of Bangkok to face eight charges. This essay focuses on the charge that he claimed to possess the god Indra's sword. Although this charge has been widely ignored, it was in fact a charge of treason. In this essay, I argue that the treason charge should be understood within the context of Buddhist millenarianism. I note the saint/savior tropes in Srivichai 's mythobiography, describe the prevalence of millenarianism in the region, and detail the political economy of the decade of the 1910s prior to Srivichai 's detention. I present evidence to show that the decade was characterized by famine, dislocation, disease, and other disasters of both natural and social causes. Such hardships would have been consistent with apocalyptic omens in the Buddhist repertoire portending the advent of Maitreya. Understanding Srivichai in this millenarian context helps to explain both the hopes of the populace and the fears of the state during that tumultuous decade.
目次
The Sacred Biography: Millenarian Tropes 687 Of Indra and Thunder 687 Extraordinary Popularity 689 Millenarianism and Apocalyptic Omens 690 In the Surrounding Region 692 In Northern Thailand 694 Dearth, Dislocation, Disease, and Other Disaster Tropes 696 "Natural" Catastrophes 696 Unjust Rulers and Moral Decay 704 Search for a Savior in the Apocalyptic Storm 706 References 708 Oral Histories 708 Written Sources 708
