1. Author Affiliation: Sun Yat-sen University, China.
2. Religions 2023, 14(4), 464.
關鍵詞
Upāli; the Dharmaguptaka school; patriarchal lineages of vinaya transmission; Pāli sources; the Vinaya school
摘要
In both Pāli and Chinese vinaya literature, there are various patriarchal lineages of vinaya transmission in which Upāli is honored as the first patriarch. These lineages that start with Upāli can be categorized into two types. The first type is found mainly in Indian vinaya texts, including two groups of texts: the Mohe sengqi lü 摩訶僧祇律 (Skt. Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya), and the Samantapāsādikā, a Pāli Vinaya commentary, as well as its parallel Chinese version, the Shanjianlü piposha 善見律毗婆沙. The second type was constructed by Chinese Vinaya school masters in the Northern Song dynasty, who aimed to establish an orthodox Indian origin for the Vinaya school. After their introduction into China and Japan, the first type of lineages experienced transformation in later Vinaya school works composed by medieval Chinese and Japanese Buddhist monks. A comparative philological study on the Samantapāsādikā and Shanjianlü piposha shows a “mistranslated” Tanwude 曇無德 (Skt. Dharmagupta) in the patriarchal lineage of vinaya transmission in the Shanjianlü piposha, the parallel of which is “Buddharakkhita” in the Pāli sources. Further investigation on the Vinaya school reveals that both Dingbin 定賓 and Gyōnen 凝然, monks from the Vinaya school in later periods, identified the Shanjianlü piposha as a commentary on the Dharmaguptaka-vinaya, and they consequently considered the patriarchal lineage in the Shanjianlü piposha as the patriarchal genealogy of the Dharmaguptaka school, with the purpose of establishing an orthodoxy of the Vinaya school that could be traced back to Upāli. Furthermore, in the genealogy in the Mohe sengqi lü, Gyōnen associated the master Fahu 法護 with the Dharmaguptaka school. Yuanzhao 元照, an eminent Vinaya school monk, criticized the second type of lineages as false construction. Instead, he established a patriarchal lineage that starts with Tanwude, the editor and compiler of the Dharmaguptaka-vinaya, for the Chinese Vinaya school.
目次
Abstract 1 Keywords 1 1. Introduction 1 2. The Patriarchal Lineages of Vinaya Transmission Starting with Upāli in Pāli and Chinese Vinaya Literature 2 2.1. The Patriarchal Lineages of Vinaya Transmission in the Shanjianlü piposha and Samantapāsādikā 2 2.2. The Interpretations Made by the Vinaya School in China and Japan 9 2.2.1. Dingbin’s Interpretation 9 2.2.2. Gyōnen’s Interpretation 13 2.3. The Patriarchal Lineage of Vinaya Transmission in the Mohe sengqi lü 摩訶僧祇律 15 3. Construction and Critique of Patriarchal Lineages of Vinaya School Starting with Upāli 15 3.1. Construction of Patriarchal Lineages of Vinaya School Starting with Upāli 15 3.2. Yuanzhao’s Criticism 16 4. Conclusions 19 Abbreviations 20 Notes 20 References 23 Primary Sources 23 Secondary Sources 24
