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| “Were Buddhist Scriptures in China Translated for Chinese?”: A New Investigation into the Development of Early Buddhist Chinese from the Perspective of the Buddhist Speech Community | ||
| 作者 | Jiang, Zhejie (著) |
|---|---|
| 出處題名 | Religions |
| 卷期 | v.13 n.10 |
| 出版日期 | 2022.10 |
| 頁次 | 16 |
| 出版者 | MDIP |
| 出版者網址 | https://www.mdpi.com/ |
| 出版地 | Basel, Switzerland [巴塞爾, 瑞士] |
| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
| 使用語言 | 英文=English |
| 附註項 | 1. Author Affiliation: Shanghai Maritime University, China. 2. Religions 2022, 13(10), 947. |
| 關鍵詞 | Buddhist Chinese; translation history; speech community; hybrid language |
| 摘要 | Modern scholarship focuses on the lexical or syntactical features of Buddhist Chinese used in Chinese translations of Buddhist scriptures; however, the origins of the language have attracted relatively little attention. Our article explores the issue from the perspective of the speech community, and we argue that the community’s ethnicity played an important role in the pre-fourth-century development of Buddhist Chinese. Buddhist scriptures were mainly introduced to inland China via the Western Regions and the Han people were not officially allowed to be monks. In addition to the translated scripture’s readership, considerable numbers of scripture transmitters and translators were not Han Chinese, and Han Chinese translation assistants were mainly grassroots literati. We combined an analysis of language learning with an examination of the universal features of translated languages and views on translation, and we argue that the early Buddhist community generally could not write and did not need to read refined literary Chinese. The lifting of a ban on Han peoples converting to Buddhism from the fourth century onwards accelerated the development of Han Buddhist communities, and dramatically promoted the localization of Buddhism and scriptures, which marked a new era of translation and translated language. Our investigation into the framework of the Buddhist Chinese speech community provides new perspectives compared with philological studies on the Buddhist language and explains the early historical development of Buddhist Chinese. |
| 目次 | Abstract 1 Keywords 1 1. Introduction 1 2. Role of Speech Community in Early Spread of Buddhism and Scriptural Translations 2 3. The Western Regions as Frontier and Non-Han Peoples as Pioneers in the Spread of Buddhist Scriptures in China 4 4. Language Used in Early Buddhist Speech Community and Its Causes of Formation 6 4.1. Linguistic Competence of Chief Translators 7 4.2. Translation Assistants and Their Linguistic Competence 8 4.3. Common Readers’ Influence 9 4.4. Influence of Translation Practices and Views 9 5. Change of the Speech Community behind Development of Buddhist Chinese 10 6. Conclusions 12 Notes 13 References 14 |
| ISSN | 20771444 (E) |
| DOI | 10.3390/rel13100947 |
| 點閱次數 | 465 |
| 建檔日期 | 2023.10.02 |
| 更新日期 | 2023.10.02 |
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