In this article, the authors develop a theory of religious change based on the linked ecological understanding of the state-building process, to tackle the question of why the diverged path of religious change took place in South Korea and Taiwan in the 1970s. Specifically, this article aims to explain three related puzzles: (1) Given the fact that the growth of Christianity in Taiwan and South Korea was similar in the 1950s, why, in the late 1960s, did Christianity begin to grow explosively in South Korea while it stagnated in Taiwan? (2) Why did this explosive growth in South Korea occur during the Park Chung Hee regime? (3) Why did other religions (e.g., Buddhism) also grow rapidly in South Korea during the same period? Using several original materials, the authors demonstrate the central role of different state-building processes in sparking the diverged religious change in these two societies.
目次
Abstract 465 Introduction 465 Contextualizing Korean Exceptionalism 469 A Theory of Religious Change 473 Two Future Christian Nations? Taiwan and South Korea in the 1950s 478 South Korea in the 1950s: The Vision of a Christian State in the Nascent Republic of Korea 478 The Emergence of the Spiritual-Military Complex in South Korea 479 Taiwan in the 1950s: Christian Political Leaders and a Christianized Nation in the Making 481 The Linkage between Refugee Villages and the Early Growth of Christians 483 Section Summary 485 The Divergent Pattern of Religious Growth in South Korea and Taiwan, 1965–80 486 South Korea, 1960-80 489 The Modernizing State and the State-Protecting Religions 490 The Rush to Development: Social Inequality and the Explosion of the Urban Population 494 Taiwan, 1960-80 496 The Consolidated State: Pluralist and Passive Religious Policy 497 Diffused Industrialization and Decentralized Development 499 Section Summary 501 Conclusion 502 References 503
