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| Sameness, Difference and Environmental Concern in the Metaphysics and Ethics of Spinoza and Chan Buddhism | ||
| 作者 | Hemmingsen, Michael (著) |
|---|---|
| 出處題名 | Comparative Philosophy |
| 卷期 | v.13 n.1 |
| 出版日期 | 2022.01 |
| 頁次 | 58 - 76 |
| 出版者 | The Center for Comparative Philosophy & University Library |
| 出版地 | California, US [加利福尼亞州, 美國] |
| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
| 使用語言 | 英文=English |
| 附註項 | HEMMINGSEN, MICHAEL: Visiting Assistant Professor, Tunghai University, Taiwan, ROC. |
| 關鍵詞 | Buddhism; Chan (禪); ethics; metaphysics; Spinoza |
| 摘要 | In this paper I contrast the metaphysical philosophies of Benedict de Spinoza and the ‘sudden enlightenment’ tradition of Chan Buddhism. Spinoza’s expressivist philosophy, in which everything can be conceived via a lineage of finite causes terminating in substance as a metaphysical ground of all things, emphasises the relative sameness of all entities. By contrast, Chan’s philosophy of emptiness, which rests on the dependent co-origination of all entities, renders such comparison fundamentally meaningless. Having no source beyond dependent co-origination to generate a thing’s distinct nature leads to a metaphysics in which, rather than being relatively similar or different, all things are at one and the same time absolutely the same and absolutely distinct. As a result, Spinoza grounds ethics wholly is sameness or similarity, whereas Chan transcends the dichotomy of sameness and difference and offers an environmental ethics grounded simultaneously in absolute sameness and absolute difference. As a result, in Spinoza’s case, the dissimilarity between human beings and the non-human world places limits on our concern for it. In Chan Buddhism, however, insight into the emptiness of all phenomena leads to a concern for all entities in their suchness, regardless of whether they are similar or different to human beings. As such, I argue that Chan is in a better position than Spinoza to develop a robust environmental ethic. |
| 目次 | 1. Introduction 58 2. Part I 59 2.1 Spinoza’s Metaphysics 59 2.2 Chan Metaphysics 62 2.3 Discussion 64 3. Part II: Ethics 66 3.1 Spinoza’s Ethics and Moral Philosophy 66 3.2 Chan Ethics & Moral Philosophy 69 3.3 Discussion 70 4. Sameness and Difference in Environmental Philosophy 71 Acknowledgement 75 References 75 |
| ISSN | 21516014 (E) |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.31979/2151-6014(2022).130106 |
| 點閱次數 | 112 |
| 建檔日期 | 2023.09.20 |
| 更新日期 | 2023.09.26 |
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