Buddhism; ethics; moral philosophy; religious ethics; mindfulness; karma; narrative; intention; nonself; reincarnation; action theory
摘要
This volume offers a snapshot of the present state of academic investigation into the nature of Buddhist ethics. Over the past decade many scholars have come to think that the project of fitting Buddhist ethical thought into Western philosophical categories may be of limited utility, and the focus of investigation has shifted in a number of new directions. Contributions to these recent investigation from many of the leading figures in the academic study of Buddhist philosophy are collected here alongside exciting new work from a number of early-career scholars. Topics include the nature of Buddhist ethics as a whole as well as the role in Buddhist ethics of karma and rebirth, mindfulness, narrative, intention, personhood, agency, free will, politics, anger, and equanimity, among other areas. The volume offers a rich and accessible introduction to contemporary work on Buddhist thought for students and scholars new to this area of philosophy, as well as chapters taking up more technical philosophical and textual topics. The contributors aim to engage Buddhist traditions in a rigorous, critical, and respectful philosophical dialogue, rather than to document these traditions as historical curiosities. The chapters of this volume stand as contributions to the emerging field of cosmopolitan philosophy, demonstrating by example why considering ethical questions such as how we ought to live, act, and train our minds from a plurality of cultural perspectives is itself an ethical imperative today.
目次
Foreword: Cross-Cultural Philosophy and the Moral Project xi Acknowledgments xix Contributors xxi Introduction 1 Part One: Buddhist Ethics and Western Categories 1. "It's Ethics, Jim, but Not as We Know It": Reflections on the Absence of Moral Philosophy in Buddhism 17 2. The Nature of a Buddhist Path 33 3. Buddhist Moral Thought and Western Moral Philosophy 53 Part Two: Constructing Buddhist Ethics 4. Zen Buddhism and the Space of Ethics 73 5. Buddhist Ethics: A Perspective 92 6. Breaking Good: Moral Agency, Neuroethics, and the Spontaneity of Compassion 109 Part Three: Karma and Rebirth 7. Modern and Traditional Understandings of Karma 131 8. Buddhism without Reincarnation? Examining the Prospects of a "Naturalized" Buddhism 146 9. The Problems and Promise of Karma from an Engaged Buddhist Perspective 166 Part Four: Mindfulness, Memory, and Virtue 10. Ethical Reading and the Ethics of Forgetting and Remembering 185 11. Mindfulness and Ethics: Attention, Virtue, and Perfection 203 12. "When You Know for Yourselves": Mindfulness, Wisdom, and the Qualities of Heart 223 Part Five: Intention and Action 13. The Dynamics of Intention, Freedom, and Habituation according to Vasubandhu's Abhidharmakośabhāṣya 239 14. What Do Buddhists Think about Free Will? 257 15. Buddhist Reductionist Action Theory 276 Part Six: Politics, Anger, and Equanimity 16. The Inherent Dignity of Empty Persons 297 17. Ethics without Justice: Eliminating the Roots of Resentment 315 18. Equanimity in Relationship: Responding to Moral Ugliness 336 Index 353
