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| The Language of Early Buddhism | ||
| 作者 | Levman, Bryan (著) |
|---|---|
| 出處題名 | Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics |
| 卷期 | v.3 n.1 |
| 出版日期 | 2016 |
| 頁次 | 1 - 41 |
| 出版者 | DE GRUYTER Mouton |
| 出版者網址 | https://www.degruyter.com/page/448 |
| 出版地 | Berlin, Germany [柏林, 德國] |
| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
| 使用語言 | 英文=English |
| 附註項 | Bryan Levman, University of Toronto, Centre for the Study of Religion, Department Member. Studies Religious Studies. |
| 關鍵詞 | early Language of Buddhism; koine; lingua franca; linguistic diffusion |
| 摘要 | The earliest recoverable language of Buddhism is a Middle Indo-Aryan (MIA) koine, an inter-dialect language which reduced linguistic variability by dialect levelling and simplification, through elimination of interdialect phonological differences which impede understanding, and harmonization of the different dialects to a common language intelligible across all dialects. Among the principal features of this koine the following can be identified: reduction of the distinction between voiced and unvoiced intervocalic stops; replacement of aspirated stops by aspirates only; replacement of diphthongs by a simple vowel; the assimilation or resolution of most consonant clusters; the merging of dental, retroflex and palatal sibilants; the interchange of a variety of liquids and labials. Among the various factors which led to the koine’s formation, were other Indo-Aryan and non Indo-Aryan languages and koine whose phonetic constraints catalyzed and accelerated the development of MIA in certain directions, that is towards harmonization with their own phonological system which lacked such features as phonemic intervocalic voiced stops, aspirated stops, consonant clusters, etc., and had other features (like retroflexes) which Indo-Aryan lacked. |
| 目次 | Abstract 1 Keywords 1 1 What language(s) did the Buddha speak? 1 2 Historical scholarship 3 3 Definitions 4 4 Methodology 4 4.1 Examples 5 5 The language picture at the time of the Buddha 8 6 Characteristics of the koine and its development 11 6.1 Lenition of intervocalic stops 12 6.2 Aspirated stops 13 6.3 Assimilation of consonant clusters 13 6.4 Levelling of sibilants 14 6.5 Interchange of glides with glides, glides with nasals, glides with palatals and liquids 14 7 The Greek and Aramaic Koines 14 7.1 How a koine develops 14 7.2 Aramaic 17 7.2.1 Phonology 18 7.3 Greek Koine 20 8 Other languages 22 8.1 Dravidian 22 8.2 Munda 24 8.3 Tibetan 25 8.4 Tocharian 27 8.5 Krorainic (language of the Niya documents) 29 8.6 Old Sinhalese Prakrit 30 9 Discussion 32 9.1 Conclusion 35 Abbreviations 36 References 37 |
| ISSN | 21960771 (P); 2196078X (E) |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1515/jsall-2016-0001 |
| 點閱次數 | 112 |
| 建檔日期 | 2023.09.12 |
| 更新日期 | 2023.09.12 |
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