Based on the reflection on Fan Zhen and Han Yu’s thought of criticizing Buddhism, Wang Chuan-shan thinks that it is necessary to go beyond the level of "shallow theory" to enter the level of "deep theory" in order to identify and analyze the "basic principles" of Buddhism. Firstly, he criticizes that Buddhist "View of morals" turns its back on the moral ethics of Confucianism, so it is the same as "thieves and brutes". Secondly, he deeply discusses and refutes Buddhist theories one by one at the level of "deep theory": "Buddha nature" is only the "nature of function", not the "nature of noumenon". "Theory of emptiness" ignores that things are made from Yin-yun of "Yin" and "Yang", so "only know existence of being but not know existence of nothing". The "doctrine of cultivation" does not belong to true spiritual practice at all. Furthermore, Wang believes that Buddhism is one of the "three harms" of "confusing the world". Generally speaking, Wang’s critiques on the "basic principles" of Buddhism are both rational and radical.
