清朝與喀爾喀蒙古的政教互動 (1723-1733)——以二世哲布尊丹巴 靈童選定及其遷居多倫諾爾為中心=The Political and Religious Interaction between the Qing Empire and Khalkha Mongolia, 1723-1733: The Selection of the Second Jebtsundamba and His Ordered Move to Dolon Nor
Within the evolution of the relationship between the Qing Empire and Khalkha Mongolia, the choosing of the Second Jebtsundamba had a significant impact. The most detailed account of this event has been recorded in the biography Öndör gegen-ü namtar (1859), details of which share similarities with the biographies of several other Jebtsundambas since the mid-nineteenth century. For example, the dream of the Yongzheng Emperor in which he saw the First Jebtsundamba as well as the Tibetan lamas’ confirmation of the Khubilghan can be found in the Tibetan “sacred biographies” bzang dad pa’i shing rta (1839) and pad dkar phreng mdzes (c. 1848–1851) authored by ngag gi dbang po; moreover, for the birthdate and birthplace of the Second Jebtsundamba, one can refer to official biographies such as Öndür gegen-ü uγ eke (1833) and degereki-yin uγ eki orosibai (1853), as well as imperial decrees. But in fact, the elements that appear in the various biographies, including the rivalries between Khalkha nobles, the confirmation granted by the Tibetan lamas, the emperor’s dream, and the post conferred by the Qing court, have an earlier source—the Manchu archives. These archives notably reflect the fact that the Qing court played the role of ultimate arbitrator when Khalkha tribes were in conflict. The Yongzheng Emperor chose the son of Dondub Dorji as the Second Jebtsundamba based on several factors: first, they were relatives-inlaw; second, Dondub Dorji could restrict the power of Tüsheet Khan; and third, Dondub Dorji was deemed middling in his abilities, and thus, to be easily controlled by the Qing court. In the tenth year of the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor (1732), to prevent the Dzungar Khanate from abducting the Second Jebtsundamba, the emperor ordered him to move to Dolon Nor. Due to the Jebtsundamba being quite young, the Qing court achieved control over him, thereby ruling Khalkha Mongolia by taking advantage of the religious authority wielded by the Jebtsundamba.
