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| Application of Ratna in Newār Buddhism | ||
| 作者 | Shakya, Manik Ratna (著) |
|---|---|
| 出處題名 | Prajñā=Journal of Buddhist Studies |
| 卷期 | v.2 n.2 |
| 出版日期 | 2021 |
| 頁次 | 7 - 24 |
| 出版者 | Lumbini Buddhist University |
| 出版者網址 | https://lbu.edu.np/ |
| 出版地 | Lumbini, Nepal [藍毗尼, 尼泊爾] |
| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
| 使用語言 | 英文=English |
| 關鍵詞 | Newār; Ratna; Newār Buddhism; Newār Buddhist Followers; Ratnamaṇḍala; Practice of Ratnamaṇḍala |
| 摘要 | Ratna, the precious stones such as pearl, coral, diamond, etc are practiced as symbols in Newar Buddhism. The essential components of Buddhism like Buddha, Dharma and Saṃgha are represented by three Ratnas. The Ratnas such as diamond, ruby, pearl, blue sapphire, emerald are considered as the Pañcaratna, which seems to have represented the philosophy of five Buddhas namely Ādarśajñāna, Samatājñāna, Kritānusthānajñāna, Pratyebeksanājñāna and Subisuddha Dharmadhātujñāna.. These jewels are respectively adorned on the crown of five Buddhas: Vairocana, Aksobhya, Ratnasambhava, Amitābha and Amoghasiddhi. Besides, Ratna seems to have been used in various Buddhist cultural activities and ritual performances as well as esoteric and exoteric practices. In this article , an attempt is made to illustrate the status of Ratna and its application in Newār Buddhism and this paper is written on the basis of published and unpublished manuscripts, field visit and observances. |
| 目次 | Abstract 7 Newār 7 Newār Buddhism 9 Newār Buddhism > Nepal Buddhism= Nepalese Buddhism 11 The followers of Newār Buddhism 12 Monastic Class 12 Lay followers 13 Practice of Ratna in Newār Buddhism 15 Ratnamaṇḑala in Newār Buddhism 15 Ratnamaṇḑala 15 History of Ratnamaṇḑala 16 Structure of Ratnamaṇḑala 17 Mount Meru 19 Jewels of Ratnamaṇḑala 20 Types of Symbolic Ratnamaṇḑala 21 Hand Gesture Ratnamaṇḑala 21 Ratnamaṇḑala of Flowers 21 Ratnamaṇḑala of Rice Grain 21 Metal Ratnamaṇḑala 22 Types of Ratnamaṇḑala Offering 22 Short Manḑala Offering 22 Long Ratnamaṇḑala Offering 22 RatnaManḑala Offering through Guru Yoga 22 Conclusion 23 Works cited 23 |
| ISSN | 27174735 (E) |
| 點閱次數 | 95 |
| 建檔日期 | 2023.05.24 |
| 更新日期 | 2023.05.24 |
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