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| 再論于闐八大守護神圖像源流 - 以摩訶迦羅神、莎耶摩利神的樣式為中心=A Reexamination of the Iconographical Origin of the Eight Buddhist Guardians Protecting Khotan - Focusing on the Styles of Mahakala and Samjnayamala | ||
| 作者 | 陳粟裕 (著)=Chen, Su-yu (au.) |
|---|---|
| 出處題名 | 敦煌研究=Dunhuang Research |
| 卷期 | n.4 (總號=n.194) |
| 出版日期 | 2022 |
| 頁次 | 1 - 12 |
| 出版者 | 敦煌研究編輯部 |
| 出版者網址 | http://www.dha.ac.cn/ |
| 出版地 | 蘭州, 中國 [Lanzhou, China] |
| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
| 使用語言 | 中文=Chinese |
| 附註項 | 作者單位：中國社會科學院世界宗教研究所 |
| 關鍵詞 | 于闐守護神=Buddhist guardians protecting Khotan; 摩訶迦羅神=Mahakala; 莎耶摩利神=Deva Samjnayamala |
| 摘要 | 敦煌石窟中的于闐守護神圖像是張氏、曹氏歸義軍政權與于闐在佛教文化、藝術方面交流的重要證據。與洞窟中榜題讀音最為接近的文本為吐蕃統治敦煌晚期的藏文寫本P.t.960《于闐教法史》。而從摩訶迦羅神與莎耶摩利神的形象來看，他們遵循的是漢地圖像傳統。天王形的摩訶迦羅神可能演變自《南海寄歸內法傳》中記載的廚神大黑天；莎耶摩利神則可能借用了漢地毗樓勒叉天王的形象，與新疆和田地區發現的散脂夜叉大相徑庭。故而，這組榜題為“守護于闐國”的守護神很可能是敦煌畫工利用自己熟悉的漢地神王圖像進行的改造。 The Buddhist guardians protecting Khotan depicted in Dunhuang cave murals are a manifestation of the exchanges of Buddhist culture and art between Khotan and the Guiyijun Regime ruled by the Cao and Zhang clans. The text near the images has been identified as the Tibetan document P.t. 960, Li yul chos kyi lo rgyus （“Religious History of Khotan”）, which dates to the late period of the Tibetan occupation of Dunhuang. Images of Mahakala and deva Samjnayamala in the murals are depicted according to the iconographical traditions of places that were dominated by Han Chinese at the time. The Heavenly King-like Mahakala painting was likely derived from depictions of the same deity as a god of the kitchen, examples of which can be seen in A Record of the Buddhist Religions as Practiced in India and the Malaya Archipelago （671—695 AD）. The image of deva Samjnayamala could have been borrowed from a similar image of the Heavenly King Virūdhaka that took shape in a Han Chinese region, as it clearly differs greatly from images of Pancika seen in Khotan in Xinjiang. Therefore, the guardians, which were labeled as “Buddhist guardians protecting Khotan” in the inscriptions attached to them, were probably created by Dunhuang artisans who renovated the murals based on the Chinese style of art with which they were familiar. |
| 目次 | 一引言 二天王形的摩訶迦羅神 三毗樓勒叉/莎耶摩利的圖像來源 四余論 |
| ISSN | 10004106 (P) |
| DOI | 10.13584/j.cnki.issn1000-4106.2022.04.010 |
| 點閱次數 | 223 |
| 建檔日期 | 2023.04.17 |
| 更新日期 | 2023.04.17 |
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