『黒ヤマーリ・タントラ』註『宝燈』に関する一考察 ――秘密集会聖者流との関係から――=An Examination of the *Ratnapradīpa, a Commentary on the Kṛṣṇayamāri-tantra: Its Relationship with the Ārya School, a Branch of the Guhyasamāja-tantra
In the present paper, the present author will offer a first examination of the *Ratnapradīpa (abbr. RP), a commentary on the Kṛṣṇayamāri-tantra. According to the colophon of its Tibetan translation, RP is attributed to Ratnākaraśānti. The Jñānapāda School and Ārya School were the most influential branches of the Guhyasamāja-tantra in India. Ratnākaraśānti has been estimated to be a successor of the former only, whereas the relationship between Ratnākaraśānti and the latter has never been illuminated.
According to the present author’s detailed research on RP, it was found that RP, without making clear its sources, quotes not only the *Ātmasādhanāvatāra by Buddhaśrī[jñāna]pāda, but also two important texts of the Ārya School, namely the Piṇḍīkrama (vv. 73–74, v. 76; vv. 79–80, v. 82; vv. 85–86, v. 88) by Ārya Nāgārjuna and the Svādhiṣṭhāna[krama]prabheda (v. 36) by Āryadeva, and that RP also refers to the Pradīpoddyotana (Ṣaṭkoṭivyākhyā) by Candrakīrti of the Ārya School. Ratnākaraśānti’s works acknowledged as authentic by the present author, however, have no description of the Ārya School.
As a result of the present author’s detailed comparative research on Ratnākaraśānti’s tantric works, it can be acknowledged that the Vajratārāsādhana, the Rahaḥpradīpa, the *Kusumāñjali, the Muktāvalī, the Bhramahara, the Hevajrasahajasadyoga, the Guṇavatī, the Mahāmāyāsādhana, and the Khasamā are authentic. In these all works, Ratnākaraśānti places emphasis on the Yogācāra system and some texts have many passages parallel with the Prajñāpāramitopadeśa, a main work of Ratnākaraśānti. RP, on the other hand, has no reference to the Yogācāra system, rather quoting many Mādhyamika texts written by Nāgārjuna and so on.
RP is unique in Ratnākaraśānti’s works in that it has some descriptions of the Ārya School and has no reference to the Yogācāra system. Considering that RP is an authentic work of Ratnākaraśānti, it must be noted that Ratnākaraśānti shows strong correlation with the Ārya School. This fact demonstrates that Ratnākaraśānti succeeds not only to the Jñānapāda School but also to the Ārya School. Further research including the texts of the Ārya School is needed for comprehensive study of Ratnākaraśānti’s works.
