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三階教における発菩提心について : 同時代他宗派との比較を踏まえて=Characteristics of bodhicittotpāda in the Three Stages School of Buddhism (Sangaikyō/Sanjie-jiao) : A Study Based on Comparisons with Other Schools of the Same Period |
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| 作者 |
柳井重久 (著)=Yanai Shigehisa (au.)
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| 出處題名 |
武蔵野大学仏教文化研究所紀要=Journal of Institute of Buddhist Culture, Musashino University=ムサシノ ダイガク ブッキョウ ブンカ ケンキュウジョ キヨウ
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| 卷期 | n.36 |
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| 出版日期 | 2020.02.28 |
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| 頁次 | (234) - (210) |
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| 出版者 | 武蔵野大学仏教文化研究所 |
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| 出版者網址 |
http://www.musashino-u.ac.jp/bukken/
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| 出版地 | 西東京市, 日本 [Nishitokyo-shi, Japan] |
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| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| 使用語言 | 日文=Japanese |
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| 附註項 | 著者所属：武蔵野大学大学院博士後期課程 |
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| 關鍵詞 | 三階教=Three Stages School of Buddhism=Sangai-kyō=Sanjie-jiao; 信行=Shingyō=Xinxing; 発菩提心=Bodhicittotpāda; 『大乗起信論』=“Awakening of Mahāyāna Faith”; 『摩訶止観』=“Makashikan/Mohe Zhiguan”; 浄土教=Pure Land Buddhism |
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| 摘要 | This paper aims to highlight the importance of bodhicittotpāda in the Sangaikyō,founded by Shingyō /Xinxing (540-594 CE). The paper fundamentally relies on studies by Teruma Nishimoto, such as “Studies of Sangaikyō,” and other theses as precedents.
Generally, bodhicittotpāda consists of (1) seeking enlightenment above and (2) saving others below. In other words, it consists of both self-training and altruism. In order to analyze how this definition can be applied to Sangaikyō, comparisons are made with the widely believed Buddhist schools in the era of China,examining texts such as “Awakening of Mahāyāna Faith” “Makashikan/ Mohe Zhiguan” of the Tiantai School, and the Pure Land Buddhism beliefs advocated by Donran/Tanluan (476?-542? CE), Dōshaku/Daochuo (562-645 CE) and Zendō/Shandao (613-681 CE).
For the purpose of these comparisons, bodhicittotpāda is classified according to two aspects: Essence/Causes, and Capacities/Practices. Essence is what bodhicittotpāda is, Causes refers to triggers or conditions, Capacities concern the abilities of each specific practitioner, and Practices is what one does to reach your goal or aim. In this study, the characteristics of bodhicittotpāda in these beliefs （2）were mainly found in the aspects of Essence and Practices.
Of the beliefs stated above, “saving others,” or altruism, is acknowledged in Essence. However, differences can be seen in the category of “Practices” as follows. In Sangaikyō, the texts emphasize self-training, as distinguished from altruism. Herein, a person regards oneself as a man of lowest Capabilities, who has a completely evil existence, and regards others as being good. Therefore, the distinctions between oneself and others is clearly drawn.
As for Practices in the Awakening of Mahāyāna Faith, even for the third level out of the three bodhicittotpāda capabilities, the practice of saving others is required. The completion of this level is, however, to take ten thousand kalpa.Therefore, this text is not optimistic when compared to Sangaikyō.
In the Makashikan, saving others is fundamental, as found in its descriptions of Essence and Causes. In addition, the Tiantai School emphasizes the indivisibility of oneself and others, which is remarkably different from the concentration on self-training seen in the Sangaikyō. However, in terms of the Practices aspect,delays in saving others exist, as was found in the Awakening of Mahāyāna Faith.
Regarding Pure Land Buddhism, Donran and Dōshaku both advocate that bodhicittotpāda is the premise of rebirth in Pure Land. However, according to the Pure Land Buddhism of Zendō, a lower level person can obtain bodhicittotpāda after rebirth. Some similar virtue can be inherent within them, from which the chanting of the name of Buddha (Practices) can lead to the conversion of others.
Bodhicittotpāda is essential for all the facets of Buddhism stated above. At the same time, Sangaikyō should be distinguished for its Practices, which emphasize self-training, while other schools admit for delays in the completion or acquisition of bodhicittotpāda. |
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| 目次 | 1. はじめに 232
2. （発）菩提心とは何か 232
3. 三階教における発菩提心の位置付け 231
3.1. 『発菩提心法』 231
3.2. 『対根起行法』及び『制法』 226
4. 『大乗起信論』における発菩提心 225
5. 天台思想（『摩訶止観』等）における発菩提心 221
6. 浄土思想における発菩提心 217
7. 結語 213
註 212 |
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| ISSN | 18820107 (P) |
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| 點閱次數 | 225 |
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| 建檔日期 | 2021.09.16 |
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| 更新日期 | 2021.09.23 |
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