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| Tradition, Faith and Tourism: Contemporary Inner Mongolian Pilgrimage to Wutaishan=實現願望：傳統、信仰和旅遊觀光－當代蒙古人到五臺山朝聖 | ||
| 作者 | Uranchimeg B. Ujeed (著)=悟哲德包·烏仁其木格 (au.) |
|---|---|
| 出處題名 | 一山而五頂：多學科、跨方域、多文化視野中的五臺信仰研究國際學術研討會=An International Conference The Mountain of Five Plateaus： Studies of The Wutai Cult in Multidisciplinary and Transborder/Cultural Approaches |
| 出版日期 | 2015.07 |
| 出版者 | 山西省佛教協會 |
| 出版地 | 山西, 中國 [Shanxi, China] |
| 資料類型 | 會議論文=Proceeding Article |
| 使用語言 | 英文=English |
| 附註項 | 主辦方: Buddhist association of Shanxi Province 山西省佛教協會 作者單位：Inner Mongolia Normal University內蒙古師範大學; University of Cambridge劍橋大學 |
| 摘要 | Although it was considered as the third important pilgrimage site for the Mongols after Lhasa and Kumbum, Wutaishan has been the most popular one due to geographical proximity to them. There exists in Mongolian culture a historically rooted wish to make pilgrimage to the holy mountain at least once in their lifetime. Fervor for pilgrimage is increasing, especially in Inner Mongolia. Thanks to improvement of living standard and convenience of travelling nowadays, many people can fulfill the dream their predecessors were not able to. In the past, although taunted as the ideal everyone should aspire to, not many people actually complete it due to cost and difficulty. Often the riches are the ones who could have made the journey there. Those commoners who did were idolised and become local legends. While it can be understood that Manchu construction of Wutaishan greatly promoted the popularity of the holy mountain among Mongols, the cause of contemporary Inner Mongolian enthusiasm about Wutaishan pilgrimage is remarkably different because of their religious outlook. Although faith remains a motivator for many, deep rooted wish fulfillment may be a more significant factor. In fact, a large proportion of the visitors are not or only lightly religious. Many wish to experience the journey so deeply rooted in the cultural mentality of their elders. Today, due to development of transport links and increasing disposable income has made pilgrimage an evermore realistic prospect. It is also something that helps connect younger generation with their elders. The wish to see Wutai, propagated by the elders is matched by the financial ability of the younger. Wutai acts as a bridge between past and present and brings together evermore distant generations. Travelling to Wutai today is as much, if not more, a cultural excursion and show of newfound wealth as it is religiously motivated. 對蒙古人來說五臺山一直是他們最重要的朝聖地。按名次排列的話，五臺山雖然被排到拉薩和塔爾寺之後，佔據第三，但是，因為它的特殊地理位置，使得蒙古人當中存在“人活著一輩子，最起碼應該去一趟五臺山朝聖”這種習俗。他們的這種習俗與願望具有悠久的歷史淵源。 由於中國的經濟發展，人民生活水準的不斷提高以及交通的發達，使得人們對五臺山的嚮往以及朝聖的熱情日益增長。很多人已經能夠去實現他們的祖先沒有達到的願望。過去，五臺山朝聖雖然被他們當作是應該追求的最高理想，但是，由於受到經濟交通等方面的原因普通人能夠實現其願望的卻僅限於少數人。因此，能夠到五臺山朝聖的人總是被當地人當作偶像或地方性傳奇人物。 如果說滿清政府構建的五臺山作為聖山在蒙古人當中得到了普及的話，那麼當今的蒙古人對五臺山的熱心是具有它的歷史根源。但是，值得注意的是，人們的宗教信仰及對此的心態明顯不同於過去。 雖然多數朝聖者去五臺山的動因源於他們的信仰，但是，根深蒂固的、具有實現願望的傳統的理念才有可能是最重要的因素。據我們觀察，大多數朝聖者實際上並不是一個那麼虔誠的信徒。他們到五臺山主要是來體驗一下長輩們的那種根深蒂固的文化心理。五臺山朝聖又轉而變成一種連接年輕一代與他們長輩們的紐帶。長輩們想到五臺山朝聖的願望為年輕的兒女子孫們提供了孝敬他們的機會。因此，隨著中國社會環境的變化，城市化步伐的加快而使親情被淡化或疏遠的時代，可以說五臺山朝聖之舉拉近了幾代人之間的距離，它起到了一種“橋樑”作用。也可以說是把“過去”和“現在”連接在了一起。換句話說，五臺山朝聖在變為一種文化旅遊和炫富之手段的同時，也能解決目前日益加深的代溝問題。因此，我們可以認為，當今蒙古人的五臺山朝聖目的，不僅僅是起因於宗教動機，而如上所述的理由也許更重要，它有可能相當於或超過其宗教方面的動機吧。 |
| 點閱次數 | 341 |
| 建檔日期 | 2020.10.16 |
| 更新日期 | 2020.10.27 |
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