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| 上座仏教サンガの派閥とはなにか : ミャンマーの「ガイン」を事例として=Features of a Monastic Group in the Theravada Sangha : Case Study of a Myanmar Gaing | ||
| 作者 | 藏本龍介 (著)=Kuramoto, Ryosuke (au.) |
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| 出處題名 | パーリ学仏教文化学=Journal of Pali and Buddhist Studies=パーリガク ブッキョウ ブンカガク |
| 卷期 | n.27 |
| 出版日期 | 2013.12 |
| 頁次 | 47 - 66 |
| 出版者 | パーリ学仏教文化学会=SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF PALI AND BUDDHIST CULTURE |
| 出版地 | 大阪, 日本 [Osaka, Japan] |
| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
| 使用語言 | 日文=Japanese |
| 摘要 | Every ordained Buddhist monk (bhikkhu) in the world is a member of the Buddhist Sangha, or monastic community. However, a Sangha is not an organized group like the Catholic Church. Also, the history of the Sangha is full of schism. For example, it is said that the early Sangha in ancient India was divided into many groups. Therefore, to understand the context of early Buddhism, it is necessary to determine the monastic groups that comprise it. Thus, this issue has become a focus of discussion in Buddhist studies [Sasaki 2000, Ri 2001, etc.]. However, because there are only a few documentary records that can shed light on this context, a philological approach to Buddhist studies is limited. Therefore, in this paper, I adopt an anthropological approach that is characterized by fieldwork and that aims to supplement information about the features of the monastic groups in the Sangha.Previous anthropological studies on monastic groups in the Theravada Sangha have found that there are no doctrinal differences, but there is diversity regarding the degree of social recognition, the degree of institutionalization, clannish spirit, and so on [Ishii 1978; Hayashi 2009; Mendelson 1975, etc.]. However, those studies have not completely considered the reasons for this diversity. Therefore, using a Myanmar gaing or a monastic group (in the Myanmar language), I attempted to investigate the reasons behind and the process related to the schisms of the Theravada Sangha. The results of the study are as follows: First, a gaing is formed on the basis of [1] the master-pupil relationship and [2] territorial connections. Second, a gaing is not static. It strengthens its institutions and boundaries through a close relationship with other gaings, but is sometimes disassembled because of the monks moving beyond the gaing boundary. In this way, gaings are continually exposed to such contradictory pressures, thus changing their forms dynamically, which culminates gaings having a diverse character. This is merely one example of a Myanmar Sangha, but it may contain hints that could promote the understanding of the Buddhist Sangha. This is one of the ways through which anthropology can contribute to Buddhist studies. |
| ISSN | 09148604 (P); 24242233 (E) |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.20769/jpbs.27.0_47 |
| 點閱次數 | 163 |
| 建檔日期 | 2017.05.19 |
| 更新日期 | 2021.02.04 |
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