Foshuo Xiaoshunzi Xiuxing Chengfo Jing( Sutra of a Filial Son Obtaining Enlightenment by Pious Practice) was a long lost Chinese translation of a Buddhist text. The discovery of three fragments of this sutra in the Library Cave attracted extensive attention and yielded a great amount of research material. With a chronological summary of the research results, this paper reviews the research history of this sutra and presents ideas for future investigation of it.