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| 乾隆皇帝與《滿文大藏經‧救護日食經》=The Qianlong Emperor and Šun Be Jetere de Hūlara Nomun in the Tripitaka in Manchu | ||
| 作者 | 林士鉉 (著)=Lin, Shih-hsuan (au.) |
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| 出處題名 | 故宮學術季刊=The National Palace Museum Research Quarterly |
| 卷期 | v.32 n.1 秋季號 |
| 出版日期 | 2014.09 |
| 頁次 | 127 - 158 |
| 出版者 | 國立故宮博物院 |
| 出版者網址 | https://www.npm.gov.tw/ |
| 出版地 | 臺北市, 臺灣 [Taipei shih, Taiwan] |
| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
| 使用語言 | 中文=Chinese |
| 附註項 | 國立臺北大學歷史系 |
| 關鍵詞 | 乾隆=Qianlong; 滿文大藏經=Tripitaka in Manchu; 清文繙譯全藏經=Qing translation of the Tripitaka; 日食經=Rishi jing; 月食經=Yueshi jing; 日食救護=Solar eclipse for salvation and protection |
| 摘要 | 《滿文大藏經》是乾隆皇帝最重視的文化事業之一，經文全是滿文，當時僅印刷十二套，流存至今者甚少。《滿文大藏經》原則上以漢文經典為繙譯底本，但也有不少經典尚不能確知是否存在對應的漢文本；經典數目與目錄所載不相同，實際收錄數目亦無定論，有些連頁數也不能確定。因此，此藏之譯刻過程及經文內容，今人所知仍十分有限。二OO二年，《滿文大藏經》於北京重印出版，外界始有機會較為全面、整體性地認識此部大藏。國立故宮博物院典藏原印本三十二函，又購藏二套重印本，提供學界便利的研究環境。 本文討論其中一部《救護日食經》即沒有對應的漢文經典，且筆者發現接續此經的，尚有另一部不見於目錄的《救護月食經》，茲就此現象考察《救護日食經》的譯編情形。考察結果確定此經譯於乾隆四十年閏十月二十四日（1775年12月16日），而是年曾出現兩次日食。乾隆皇帝不僅敕譯滿文《救護日食經》，又重新安排它在全藏中的位置，此事例具體反映他高度參與此藏的譯編過程；復參照當時的救護儀式及諭旨，亦可證實日食現象對乾隆皇帝有著深刻的影響。 Manwen Dazang jing (Tripitaka in Manchu) was one of the most important cultural enterprises of the Qianlong emperor. The entire text is in Manchu, and only twelve sets were printed at the time, with few circulating down to the present day. In principle, Tripitaka in Manchu is a translation based on Chinese texts, but for some translations, it is uncertain which Chinese text served as the basis. The number of texts and the record in the table of contents also differ. As a result, there is little consensus on the recorded number, and even the page numbering cannot be determined with certainty. Consequently, modern scholars only have a quite limited understanding of the process behind the translation and engraving of this Tripitaka along with its sutra contents. Fortunately, in 2002, Tripitaka in Manchu was reprinted in Beijing, giving scholars an opportunity to gain a comprehensive and overall understanding of the Tripitaka. The National Palace Museum also has in its collection 32 cases of the Tripitaka and purchased two copies of the reprint to provide scholars with a convenient setting for conducting research. This study examines one of the texts in the Tripitaka, šun be jetere de hūlara nomun (Jiuhu rishi jing 救護日食經 [Sutra of the Solar Eclipse for Salvation and Protection]), for which no corresponding Chinese sutra has been found. The author has discovered that in addition to this sutra, there is another šun be jetere de hūlara nomun that is not found in the table of contents, hence the impetus for the study of this text. With further research, the author has discovered that the sutra was translated on 16 December 1775, in which year there appeared two solar eclipses. The Qianlong emperor not only ordered the translation of this sutra into Manchu, he also rearranged its location in the Tibetan Tripitaka. This matter concretely reflects the high level of his participation in the formation of the Manchu Tripitaka. A review of salvation ceremonies and imperial decrees at the time also further testifies to how solar eclipses had a major influence on the Qianlong emperor. (Translated by Donald E. Brix) |
| 目次 | 一、前言 128 二、從《滿文大藏經》目錄及相關問題談起 129 三、《滿文大藏經‧救護日食經》譯編現象 132 (一)《救護日食經》的內容 132 (二)《救護日食經》與《雜阿含經》第五八三號「月天子」136 (三)《救護月食經》與《雜阿含經》第五八三號「月天子」137 (四)《救護日食經》的蒙、藏源流 141 四、譯經與日月食救護 146 (一) 日、月食救護儀式 146 (二)「歲首日食」與乾隆皇帝退位 148 (三) 唪經、譯經與日月食救護 149 五、結論 151 引用書目 153 |
| ISSN | 10119094 (P) |
| 點閱次數 | 604 |
| 建檔日期 | 2015.05.25 |
| 更新日期 | 2023.12.21 |
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