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| The Spread of Harps Between the Near and Far East During the First Millennium A.D.：Evidence of Buddhist Musical Cultures on the Silk Road | ||
| 作者 | Lawergren, Bo |
|---|---|
| 出處題名 | Silk Road Art and Archaeology: Journal of the Institute of Silk Road Studies |
| 卷期 | v.4 |
| 出版日期 | 1995-1996 |
| 頁次 | 233 - 251 |
| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
| 使用語言 | 英文=English |
| 附註項 | 290 |
| 關鍵詞 | Silk Road;Central Asia;History;Music;Instruments;Harp;Religion;Religious music;Near East;Far East;India;China;Kushan;Bactria;Lawergren, Bo; |
| 摘要 | The nature of the early Buddhist orchestra is established on the basis of a relief from Yinan (Shandong Province)，dated to the 2nd or 3rd c. A.D.，depicting a New Year celebration at a provincial court. Central to the scene is an ensemble of musicians in three rows on parallel carpets. In the front row are four small drums. In the next row are players of paixiao (panpipes) and an end-blown flute; a noa (hand-bell) is resting at the side of the carpet. In the last row are players of the se (zither)，the yue (mouth organ)，and the xun (globular flute)，and three percussionists. A drum，two bianzhiong (chime-bells)，and four bianqing (chime-stones) are at the center of the ensemble. A flute and several percussion instruments are placed more peripherally. Among the most characteristic Buddhist instruments on the Silk Road are arched and angular harps. In the pre-Buddhist world angular harps were common in and to the west of Iran. Arched harps were confined to India after having died out in the West. Later，during the Kushan period，a few representations of angular harps appeared in northern India, but none implies that the instrument itself was present. In Bactria, on the other hand，both representations and real harps (angular and arched) began to appear at this time. In central China, both angular and arched harps have been documented. |
| 點閱次數 | 827 |
| 建檔日期 | 2001.05.14 |
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