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| An Asian Route to Capitalism：Religious Economy and the Origins of Self-Transforming Growth in Japan | ||
| 作者 | Collins, Randall (著) |
|---|---|
| 出處題名 | American Sociological Review |
| 卷期 | v.62 n.6 |
| 出版日期 | 1997.12 |
| 頁次 | 843 - 865 |
| 出版者 | SAGE Publications |
| 出版者網址 | https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/home |
| 出版地 | Thousand Oaks, CA, US [紹曾德奧克斯, 加利福尼亞州, 美國] |
| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
| 使用語言 | 英文=English |
| 附註項 | Author Affiliations: University of Pennsylvania |
| 關鍵詞 | Capitalism; Japan; Economic Development; Social Change; Agrarian Societies; Agricultural Development; Religions |
| 摘要 | Modern capitalism is a self-transforming dynamic that proliferates market niches, new products, and techniques. The industrial revolution could take place only in the context of preexisting agricultural capitalism, that, in turn, required a breakout from the obstacles constituted by agrarian-coercive so- cieties. Organizational conditions necessary for self-sustaining capitalist growth included markets not only for commodities but for all factors of pro- duction (land, labor, and capital), combined under control of entrepreneurs motivated by an economic ethic of future-oriented calculation and invest- ment. Weber was mistaken in holding that the capitalist breakthrough oc- curred only in Christian Europe. I propose a neo-Weberian model in which the initial breakout from agrarian-coercive obstacles took place within the enclave of religious organizations, with monasteries acting as the first en- trepreneurs. The model is illustrated by the case of Buddhism in late medi- eval Japan. The leading sector of monastic capitalism spread into the sur- rounding economy through religious movements of mass proselytization which narrowed the gap between clergy and laity. Confiscation of Buddhist property at the transition to the Tokugawa period transferred the capitalist dynamic to the secular economy of an agricultural mass market, opening the way for a distinctive Japanese path through the industrial revolution. |
| 目次 | The Structural Components Of Self-Transforming Capitalism 844 Social Obstacles To Capitalism 846 Reinterpreting The Weberian Model As An Economy Of Religious Organizations 847 The Long-Term Pattern Of East Asian Capitalism 849 Growth Of The Medieval Buddhist Economy In Japan 850 Markets For The Factors Of Production 853 Commodity Markets 853 Labor Markets And Social Mobility 853 Formation Of Productive Capital 854 Monastic Entrepreneurs 855 Economic Ethic 856 The Buddhist Contribution To Bureaucratic Legalism And Property Rights 857 The Breakout To The Secular Economy 859 Tokugawa Development Of Mass Market Capitalism 860 Conclusion 862 |
| ISSN | 00031224 (P); 19398271 (E) |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.2307/2657343 |
| 點閱次數 | 760 |
| 建檔日期 | 2000.01.20 |
| 更新日期 | 2021.12.16 |
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