290; Other titles：Universality in contemporary music, exemplified by the careers of John Cage and Olivier Messiaen
關鍵詞
Cage, John;Messiaen, Olivier;Religious Music;Aesthetics;Universality; Religion;Zen;Aleatory music;Hamel, Peter Michael;
摘要
An increasingly universal awareness in composition was shared by Cage and Messiaen，the two great composers who died in 1992. Both raised material found in nature to the level of a basis for composition. Messiaen was inspired to write Oiseaux exotiques by birdsongs, while the unintentionality found in Zen Buddhism led Cage to the basic tenet of letting-things-happen，as in his Music of changes：sounds, freed from memory and their customary associations, once again become capable of being heard. Both stand for a non-Eurocentric，critical universality.
