 |
|
| Benevolent Societies: the Reshaping of Charity during the Late Ming and Early Ch'ing | ||
| 作者 | Handlin Smith, Joanna F. |
|---|---|
| 出處題名 | The Journal of Asian Studies |
| 卷期 | v.46 n.2 |
| 出版日期 | 1987.05 |
| 頁次 | 309 - 337 |
| 出版者 | Association for Asian Studies |
| 出版者網址 | https://www.asian-studies.org/ |
| 出版地 | Ann Arbor, MI, US [安娜堡, 密西根州, 美國] |
| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
| 使用語言 | 英文=English |
| 附註項 | 300 |
| 關鍵詞 | Buddhism--China; China--history--1644-1912 (Ch'ing dynasty); China--history--1368-1644 (Ming dynasty) |
| 摘要 | During the late Ming an entirely new charitable institution, the benevolent society (t'ung-shan t'ang), emerged even though there were already in place channels for charity provided by lineage organizations, religious institutions, and the state. To account for the appearance of benevolent societies, this article attempts explanations in terms of worsening conditions and dynastic decline and then moves beyond such considerations for several reasons. Although China had long experienced much poverty and numerous periods of extreme social unrest, it was not until the late Ming that the responses to these maladies took the form of benevolent societies. Although the benevolent societies were sometimes founded in an atmosphere of social tension, they endured long after any sense of crisis had passed and thrived through periods of calm. The benevolent societies arose because they satisfied--in ways that existing forms of charity could not--the emotional and social needs of the sponsors in an environment altered by commerce. To achieve a harmonious society, officials and gentry acquiesced to the investment mentality of merchants, and by making charitable contributions toward a moral society, merchants justified their wealth. Highly visible and tolerated by the state, the benevolent societies expressed social alliances based on money and a spirit of civic pride. |
| 目次 | A Brief History of Early Benevolent Societies 311 Ch'en's Social Views 313 Departure from Established Traditions of Charity 315 The Religious Impulse to Save Lives 318 Organized and Individual Charity 325 Conclusion 330 List of References 331 |
| ISSN | 00219118 (P); 17520401 (E) |
| 點閱次數 | 314 |
| 建檔日期 | 1998.04.28 |
| 更新日期 | 2020.03.09 |
建議您使用 Chrome, Firefox, Safari(Mac) 瀏覽器能獲得較好的檢索效果，IE不支援本檢索系統。
