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| Pongny?gwan: The Eminent Bhiksuni of Cheju Island=PONGNY?GWAN -- 韓國濟州島上的神奇比丘尼 | ||
| 作者 | Yi, Hyang-soon |
|---|---|
| 出處題名 | 國際佛教善女人大會（第11屆）=Sakyadhita International Conference on Buddhist Women(11th) |
| 出版日期 | 2009.12.28 |
| 出版者 | Sakyadhita: the international association of buddhist women |
| 出版者網址 | http://www.sakyadhita.org/ |
| 出版地 | HCM City, Vietnam [胡志明市, 越南] |
| 資料類型 | 會議論文=Proceeding Article |
| 使用語言 | 中文=Chinese; 英文=English |
| 附註項 | 會議地點：越南胡志明市；時間：2009.12.18 - 2010.01.03；大會主題：傑出的女性修行者與典範=Eminent Buddhist Women |
| 摘要 | Cheju is the largest island off the southern coast of the Korean peninsula. Due to its size and distance from the peninsula, the island has enjoyed a considerable degree of political and cultural autonomy throughout its history. In the ancient period, Cheju even claimed a separate kingship from the dynasties on the mainland. The importance of this island in the contemporary Korean political system is shown by its status as an independent province. My paper is concerned with the history of Buddhism on the Cheju Island, focusing on Bhiksuni Pongny?gwan (1865-1938), who single-handedly transformed the island’s religious topography in the early 20th century by reviving Buddhism which had disappeared from the island for nearly two centuries. During Chos?n Korea (1392-1910), Cheju, just as other regions of the country was subject to an anti-Buddhist policy which Confucian officials enforced from the beginning of the dynasty. According to historical records, however, Buddhist practice continued on the island until the late 15th century when it began to decline. A decisive measure against Buddhism came with King Sukchong’s appointment of Yi Hy?ngsang to a high position in the provincial government of Cheju. As soon as he arrived on the island in 1702, Yi launched a major campaign to destroy Buddhist temples and shamanistic shrines in Cheju. Consequently, Buddhism virtually disappeared from this region until Pongny?gwan reinstated it by founding Kwan?msa (Avalokiteshvara Temple) in 1909. While she left an indelible mark on the modern history of Buddhism on the Cheju Island, Pongny?gwan’s extraordinary life was unknown to mainlanders until her fourth-generation Dharma heir Hyej?n introduced her to the National Bhiksuni Assembly of Korea in 2006. In my presentation, I will trace the amazing life story of Pongny?gwan. The main focus, however, will not be her biography itself, but her unusual pattern of practice and especially her well-known “miracle work,” which is still remembered vividly by the older generation of islanders today. In pursuing the life path of Pongny?gwan, I intend to address various questions related to supernatural abilities as signs of eminence in Buddhism. 濟州是朝鮮半島南岸的島嶼。由於島的規模不小，加上與本島有一段距離，使它在過去的歷史上，享有相當大的政治和文化自主權。在古代，濟州甚至曾經宣稱，他們不受本島君王的統治。濟州島這些特質也使它在韓國現代的政治體系中，儼然成為一個獨立的州。 我的論文是研究濟州島上的佛教歷史，特別著重在Pongny?gwan比丘尼 (1865-1938)身上。佛教在濟州島已經銷聲匿跡了近兩百年，她卻在二十世紀初，重振當地的佛教，獨力改寫了島上的宗教版圖。朝鮮王朝時代(1392-1910)，從王朝初期開始，以儒家為主的政府官員便實施反佛政策，因此佛教也跟國內其他宗教一樣，受到嚴重的打壓。然而，根據歷史記載，濟州島上的佛教一直到十五世紀末期才開始逐漸衰敗。當時肅宗王（King Sukchong）指派Yi Hy?ngsang擔任濟州島的重要官職，反佛教的強烈政策也跟著到來。他在一七O二年，一上任濟州島官職，便大力摧毀島上的寺廟和黃教的神殿。因此佛教在這個地區幾乎被毀除殆盡，直到Pongny?gwan比丘尼在一九O九年建立了觀音寺(Kwan?msa/Avalokiteshvara Temple)之後，佛教才得以復興。 雖然她在濟州島的現代佛教史中留下了不可磨滅的影響，大部分的本島人民對Pongny?gwan比丘尼非凡的一生，仍一無所知，直到她們第四代的佛法傳人Hyej?n，在韓國二OO六年全國比丘尼大會仲介紹這位傳奇人物之後，大家才開始注意到這位非凡的比丘尼。我在報告中將談到她令人讚嘆不已的事蹟，不過，主要的重點卻不是寫她個人的傳記，而是描述她不凡的修行方式和她著名的「神奇事蹟」。時至今日，島上老一輩的居民對這些事蹟，仍然記憶猶新。我搜尋她的生平事蹟，是想探討她在佛教中的卓越成就，是否跟她的神力有關的種種問題。 |
| 點閱次數 | 979 |
| 建檔日期 | 2010.01.18 |
| 更新日期 | 2015.08.18 |
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