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| Two Generations of Eminent Nepalese Nuns=傑出的兩代尼泊爾尼眾 | ||
| 作者 | Guruma, Punyawati |
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| 出處題名 | 國際佛教善女人大會（第11屆）=Sakyadhita International Conference on Buddhist Women(11th) |
| 出版日期 | 2009.12.28 |
| 出版者 | Sakyadhita: the international association of buddhist women |
| 出版者網址 | http://www.sakyadhita.org/ |
| 出版地 | HCM City, Vietnam [胡志明市, 越南] |
| 資料類型 | 會議論文=Proceeding Article |
| 使用語言 | 中文=Chinese; 英文=English |
| 附註項 | 會議地點：越南胡志明市；時間：2009.12.18 - 2010.01.03；大會主題：傑出的女性修行者與典範=Eminent Buddhist Women |
| 摘要 | Nepal, the legendary land of the Buddha’s birth, was also the birthplace of two generations of eminent Nepalese Buddhist nuns. Dhammacari Guruma, born in 1898 in Kathmandu, represents the first generation of exceptional nuns in Nepal. Dhammawati, born in 1934 in Patan, represents the second generation. Both of these exceptional nuns were highly intelligent and learned to read as young girls in their homes, even though education for girls was prohibited and there were no schools for girls at the time. Both of them took an interest in Buddhism at a young age and were pioneers of the Theravada sasana in the Newari community of the Kathmandu Valley. Both of these nuns faced significant obstacles in times when Buddhism was suppressed in Nepal and both struggled to overcome these obstacles. Against all odds, both these two nuns gathered large followings of devoted Buddhist disciples. Both of them established viharas (monasteries) for women at a time when almost no viharas for women existed in Nepal. Both were devoted to public education and social welfare, selflessly sharing their knowledge and also helping the needy. Both of them were outspoken advocates of women’s ability to practice the Dhamma and their potential to achieve the fruits of the path, including liberation. Both of them were detained by the authorities: Dhammacari by the Nepalese authorities for starting a literacy program and Dhammawati for traveling to Burma without proper travel documents. Both of them also encountered opposition from the Nepalese Bhikkhu Sangha. For all their similarities, however, there were also many differences in the life experience of these two nuns. Between the time of Dhammacari Guruma’s birth in 1898 and Bhikkhuni Dhammawati’s birth in 1934, enormous changes occurred in Nepali society, politics, and religion, especially for women. Dhammacari observed the eight precepts of an anagarika, whereas Dhammawati took the unprecedented step of receiving the 348 precepts of a bhikkhu (fully ordained nun). Dhammacari had hundreds of lay disciples, but no direct nun disciples, in contrast to Dhammawati, who had thousands of lay disciples and almost 50 direct nun disciples, 28 of whom are bhikkhunis. This paper will explore the similarities and differences between the life experiences of these two outstanding nuns. 尼泊爾，傳說為佛陀的出生之地，也誕生了兩位優秀的比丘尼。Dhammacari Guruma，於1898年生於加德滿都（Kathmandu），作為尼泊爾第一代比丘尼的代表人物。第二代的代表，Dhammawati，於1934年出生於帕坦（Patan）。這兩位比丘尼天資聰穎，即便當時禁止女孩接受教育，也缺乏接受女孩的學校，她們卻很小就在家中自學。她們從很年輕時就對佛教產生興趣，並成為南傳教法在加德滿都尼瓦利（Newari）區的拓荒者。這兩位比丘尼遭遇許多困難，因為當時佛教在尼泊爾飽受壓抑，她們必須面對並克服這些阻礙。 即便如此，她們仍聚集了大批虔誠的佛教徒，並建立了女性的寺院，當時的尼泊爾幾乎沒有屬於女性的寺院。她們奉獻於大眾教育與社會福利，無私地分享她們的知識並幫助窮人，且大力主張女性實踐佛法、證悟(包括得到解脫)的可能性。兩位比丘尼都曾被當局拘留，Dhammacari因為發起一項識字計劃被逮捕；Dhammawati則因到緬甸旅行卻缺乏合法的文件。她們也都曾面臨尼泊爾比丘僧團的反對聲音。 除了上述的相同之處，兩位比丘尼的生命經驗也有許多不同之處。在Dhammacari與Dhammawati出生的1898到1934年間，尼泊爾經歷社會、政治、宗教上的諸多變動，尤其對女性而言。Dhammacari奉行八戒，而Dhammawati空前地接受比丘尼的348條具足戒；Dhammacari有上千名在家信眾，卻沒有女性的出家弟子，而Dhammawati除了上千名在家信眾，還有約五十位女性出家弟子，其中有二十八位是比丘尼。這篇論文將探討這兩位出色比丘尼生命經驗的同異之處。 |
| 點閱次數 | 839 |
| 建檔日期 | 2010.01.15 |
| 更新日期 | 2015.08.17 |
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