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Maņimēkalaiにおけるtuŗavu=Tuŗavu in Maņimēkalai |
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| 作者 |
宮本城 (著)
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| 出處題名 |
インド哲学仏教学研究=インド テツガク ブッキョウガク ケンキュウ=Studies of Indian Philosophy and Buddhism, Tokyo University
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| 卷期 | v.8 |
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| 出版日期 | 2001.03 |
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| 頁次 | 30 - 43 |
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| 出版者 | 東京大学インド哲学仏教学研究室=Dpt. Of Indian Philosophy and Buddhist Studies, Tokyo University |
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| 出版者網址 |
http://www.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/intetsu/index.html
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| 出版地 | 東京, 日本 [Tokyo, Japan] |
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| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| 使用語言 | 日文=Japanese |
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| 摘要 | 1. Introduction In Ma?i, the heroine Ma?imēekalai is described as wearing jewels with ornaments and flowers in her beautiful long hair throughout much of the story, whereas in some parts she appears to be a nun. Among scholars, therefore, opinions vary as to the renunciation of Ma?imēkalai. Some say that she is a nun from the beginning of the story, while others maintain that she became a nun at the end of the story. One of the terms that is associated with the debate on the renunciation of Ma?imēkalai is tu?avu. The term tu?avu is defined as "to leave, relinquish, forsake, renounce worldly pleasures." Turavu in Ma?i. is interpreted to mean becoming a priest or a nun, and the above studies have been done on the basis of this interpretation. The meanings of several terms in Ma?i. are often ambiguous, for Ma?i. is the only Tamil Buddhist epic that is preserved in its entirety, and in addition no traditional commentary is attached to it. This fact makes it difficult to clearly define the meanings of terms in Ma?i. This paper, therefore, focuses on the question of how to define to tu?avu in Ma?i. by investigating examples of tu?avu in works prior to Ma?i. and Cii. 2. Examples of tu?avu (a) Sangam literature: In Sangam literature, tu?avu and its verbal form tu?a mostly mean to leave or forsake [someone/something]. Only one example in Pu?a?ā?ū?u 363 means to renounce (the world). But there is no concrete evidence to interpret this tu?avu as becoming a priest or a nun. (b) Didactic works: Chapter 35 of Ku?a?. and Chapter 6 of Nāl. are titled Tu?avu. From this it is assumed that at the time these didactic works were written, the word tu?avu already had some clear sense and so became the title of a chapter in these works. From the repeated admonition to abandon worldly attachment and the content of Ku?a?. 344, 345, tu?avu should mean to abandon attachment or to leave worldly pleasures. On the other hand, tu?avu in Nāl. may mean to renounce the world, for Nāl. 54 refers to quitting the household paths. But in either case, it must be noted that these verses do not indicate that the word tu?avu means abandoning attachment or leaving worldly pleasures in order to become a priest or a nun. (c) Ma?i.: In one scene, Ma?imēkalai's mother relates how she embraced Buddhism (Ma?i. 2:41-69). By the word tu?antē? which she uttered then, it is generally thought that she became a nun. But on that occasion, she just received the five ?īlas, and there is no clear evidence to conclude that she became a nun. In other scenes, it is not clear that she is a nun either. On the basis of the interpretation that we have noted, it is probable that she abandoned worldly attachment or pleasures. Based on branch stories where several characters relate the events which caused them to embrace Buddhism, some researchers have concluded that they were priests or nuns. In fact, however, these stories lack concrete expressions regarding as to whether they were priests or nuns, and it is doubtful that they were so. When we judge the meaning of tu?avu in Ma?i. from its context, even if it means to renounce the world, it would be difficult to interpret it as becoming a nun. (d) Cil.: Contrary to the examples that we have seen above, some instances of tu?avu in Cil. contain the sense of becoming a priest or a nun. There is an expression "pluck her hair with the garland and jewels" in the description of tu?avu related to Ma?imēkalai (Cil. 1-28) . Thus this tu?avu does mean to become a nun. By the expression "to pluck the hair," it is clear that this tu?avu strongly manifests the character of Jainism. Furthermore, from the description of another scene, we can judge that tu?avu in Cil. can be interpreted as becoming a priest or a nun. We cannot, however, apply this interpretation in Cil. to tu?avu in Ma?i., for the chronological order of the composition of Cil. and Ma?i. has yet to be determined. Because the descriptions of Ma?imēkalai in the two epics do not coincide, even if C |
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| ISSN | 09197907 (P) |
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| 點閱次數 | 477 |
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| 建檔日期 | 2008.11.25 |
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| 更新日期 | 2021.08.31 |
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