| 摘要 | 漢譯佛經是研究漢語語言的重要語料。從上個世紀八十年代以來,學術界有關這方面的研究成果迭出。佛經反映語言是多角度的:從共時的平面來講,一個朝代或者幾個朝代的語音、語法、詞彙自成系統,佛經能比較忠實地反映這個系統;從歷時的角度而言,佛經相當口語化的特點可以反映出漢語發展的歷史軌跡。本文擬從常用詞的角度探討竺法護譯經詞彙方面的特點。我們的做法是選取較有代表性的六組詞,在分析、描寫每一組處於同一個語義場下的詞彙的同時,也在詞彙系統觀理論的指導下,積極討論這些詞群的歷時變化,以圖發現這些詞彙發展變化的特點和規律,為常用詞研究以及構詞法研究做點有益的嘗試。全文分為三個部分,內容摘要如下: 第一部分緒論介紹了竺法護的時代背景、譯經數量,佛經語言和竺法護譯經的研究價值及研究現狀,以及本文研究常用詞的目的和方法。第二部分常用詞個案研究從竺法護所有譯經中擇取含有相同意義:表示穿戴義、表示懷孕義、表示睡覺義、表示容貌長相義、表示病癒義、表示觀看義,凡六組詞,用共時描寫與歷時分析相結合、定量與定性相結合的辦法,對它們進行闡釋,盡可能地透過這六組常用詞發現竺法護譯經詞彙系統的特點。在行文的過程中,利用這些常用詞,對照《漢語大詞典》,隨文指出該工具書在收詞、收義、收例、釋義四個方面存在的不足。第三部分竺法護譯經詞彙的特點通過語詞來源、構詞和用詞特點等幾個方面,結合六組常用詞相關的數據統計,指出竺法護譯經詞彙反映了魏晉南北朝時期漢語詞彙處於新舊質替換共存的狀態;竺法護譯經中的詞彙豐富和常用的表現方式通過複音化、同義連用、同素詞、同素逆序詞等幾個途徑實現。
Chinese-translated Buddhist Scriptures are very important to the Chinese language research. Since the 1980s’, Chinese language researchers have made many achievements on them. The Chinese-translated Buddhist Scriptures reflect Chinese language features from many perspectives. Syn-chronically speaking, one or several dynasties have their own system of phonetics, grammar and vocabulary;diachronically speaking, their spoken language mirrors the history of the Chinese language development.We select 6 groups of words from Zhu Fahu’s Chinese-translated Buddhist Scriptures and give analysis and description to every group of words while discussing their diachronically evolving to generalizing the language features during the development. We intend to do some help to the research of commonly-used words and word building.The dissertation comprises of three parts and is summarized as following:The first chapter: Introduction.This section introduces the times background Zhu Fahu lived in and the quantity of his Chinese-translated Buddhist Scriptures, and the value of Chinese-translated Buddhist Scriptures as a kind of language material to research and the present situation about research, and the aims and methods to study commonly-used words.The second chapter: Study on commonly-used words.We select six groups of this kind of words: wearing-expressions, pregnancy-expressions, sleeping-expressions, out-looking-expressions, curing-expressions, looking-expressions. We aim at discovering the characteristics in Zhu Fahu’s Chinese-translated Buddhist Scriptures with the methods of description and analysis combined together. Besides, the dissertation points out some insufficiency about CHINESE GREAT DICTIONARY from four aspects together with our analysis and gives conclusions to the evolution result of these 6 groups of words in the contemporary Chinese language.The third chapter: The vocabulary features in the language of Zhu Fahu’s Chinese-translated Buddhist Scriptures.In this section, the dissertation discovers that Zhu Fahu’s Chinese-translated Buddhist Scriptures reflect that the Chinese language located in the period that ancient words and new words were exchanging and replacing each other rapidly. The vocabulary richness in Zhu Fahu’s Chinese-translated Buddhist Scriptures is achieved by the way of compounds, synonym combination, tong-su-yi-xu synonymic words. |
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