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| 唐武宗滅佛與朗達瑪滅佛之比較 | ||
| 作者 | 魏曉燕 |
|---|---|
| 出版日期 | 2007.07.04 |
| 出版者 | 中央民族大學 |
| 出版者網址 | http://www.cun.edu.cn/ |
| 出版地 | 北京, 中國 [Beijing, China] |
| 資料類型 | 博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation |
| 使用語言 | 中文=Chinese |
| 學位類別 | 碩士 |
| 校院名稱 | 中央民族大學 |
| 系所名稱 | 宗教學 |
| 指導教授 | 班班多杰 |
| 畢業年度 | 2007 |
| 關鍵詞 | 漢地佛教=Han Buddhism; 藏傳佛教=Tibetan Buddhism; 唐武宗滅佛=Tang wu zong suppression of Buddhism; 朗達瑪滅佛=Glandar-ma Persecution of Buddhism causes; 比較研究=comparative study |
| 摘要 | 作為世界三大宗教之一的佛教,在漢地,自兩漢之際傳入,經過兩千多年的發展和演變,已經成功地實現了本土化。在藏區,佛教從公元7世紀傳入,經過一千三百多年的發展和演變,也成功地實現了本土化。中國佛教這兩大支系的本土化堪稱外來文化與本土文化交流與融合地成功範例。但這種“本土化”的過程並非一帆風順,而是經歷了艱難曲折的歷程。眾所周知,佛教是在古代印度特定的地理環境和人文語境下產生、發展而形成的一種宗教文化形態。當它傳入到完全不同於印度的中國漢地和西藏時,就同漢地和藏區特有的地理環境、政治經濟條件和思想文化基礎所形成的社會發生了既相互接觸、鬥爭又彼此聯繫與融合地對立統一關係。這是外來文化和本土文化發生關係時,必然要產生的一種現象。本文即選取這種文化衝突現像中的典型個案——漢地唐武宗滅佛和吐蕃朗達瑪滅佛,對這兩次滅佛事件做了專題研究。本論文的目的是通過對兩次滅佛事件的背景、歷史淵源、原因、過程、結果和影響等方面異同的縱橫比較研究,探討同一種佛教在漢、藏兩地不同的社會和文化背景下如何同本土文化既互相聯繫、吸收,又彼此對立、鬥爭的矛盾運動而最後導致的同途而殊歸的結果。本文在此基礎上試圖揭示和呈現本土文化和外來文化相遇、撞擊、融合之不同結果的歷史事實及其規律對我們今天的文化建設所具有的啟示和借鑒意義。第一、當一種外來的異質文化傳播到新的文化生態環境中後,本土的民族文化如何發展,它與外來的異質文化將發生怎樣的關係?並導致怎樣的結果?主要取決於本土文化的性質、型態、水平、地位和功能,如果傳統文化的型態較高、底蘊深厚,則不管外來文化如何滲透和影響,傳統文化依然保持自己的主體地位而不發生性質的變化,佛教在漢地就是如此;第二、如果傳統文化的根底比較單薄,內涵比較單一,當外來文化勢如破竹般地湧來時,則傳統文化難以抵擋與招架,隨著時間的推移,這個傳統文化就有可能被外來文化取而代之,出現反客為主的現象。但是,這並無大礙,我們所講的這種外來文化已經不是原來意義上的外來文化了,也就是說它不是原汁原味的外來文化了,其中已經攙雜和融入了本土民族文化的諸多基因、元素和因子。它已經成了被變形、扭曲和走樣了的外來文化,藏傳佛教便是這一現象的典型個案。藏族佛教化了,佛教也藏族化了。 As one of three main religions in the world, Buddhism was introduced into central plains in two-Han period. It has realized localization successfully after more than 2000 year’s development and evolution. Also, Buddhism has realized localization successfully after more than 1300 year’s development and evolution since it was introduced into Tibet area in A.D. 7. The localization of these two branches of Chinese Buddhism could term as the successful example of world cultural exchange and amalgamation.The localization process was not went smoothly but full of hardship. It is known to all that Buddhism is one kind of religion culture ideology coming from ancient India which owned special geography surrounding and social context. When it was introduced to central plains and Tibet area, friction, collision even the conflict were inevitable because different geographic environment, politic and economic condition, ideology and culture existed in two societies. This is an inescapable culture conflicts phenomenon when connection happened in outside culture and local culture.Taking Tang wu zong suppression of Buddhism and Glandar-ma Persecution of Buddhism as the typical character in the culture conflict phenomenon, this theme did a research on the special topic.On the basis of comparison research on similarities and differences of background, origin, causation, process, result and affection of two events, this theme aims at investigate how the same Buddhism get the different results in two fields after unity of opposite conflicts with local culture. Based on above analysis, the theme tries to reveal and present us the historic fact when local culture meets, collides and amalgamates with outside culture, and the rule it reveals to us may has the enlightenment and reference meaning to our culture construction.Firstly, when one kind of outside heterogeneous culture is introduced to new polity, economy, idea and culture ecology environment, how to develop local national culture and to handle the relationship between the local national culture and heterogeneous culture are mainly depends on the character, level, status, and function. If the level and status of the local culture is high, then the traditional culture can keep the main status no matter how fierce the outside culture penetrate and affect. The Buddhism in central plain is an example of above discussion.Secondly, if the foundation of local culture is relatively weak and without rich connotations, the outside culture will carry everything before it and the local culture may be replaced by outside culture gradually. However, we don’t think it is of great important because the outside culture which talked by us is not the original outside culture. Many genes, elements of local culture has mixed into the outside culture made it adistorted, twisty outside culture. Tibetan Buddhism is a representative phenomenon case of it. Tibetan people have become Buddhilization. Buddhism has also become Tibetan characters. |
| 目次 | 摘要2-4 ABSTRACT 4-9 前言9-14 第一節 選題背景和意義9-11 一、選題背景9-10 二、選題意義10-11 第二節 研究動態11-12 第三節 研究方法12-14 第一章佛教在漢地與吐蕃傳播之比較14-19 第一節 佛教進入漢地的社會背景14-16 第二節 佛教進入吐蕃的社會背景16-19 第二章 兩地滅佛歷史淵源之比較19-28 第一節 唐武宗滅佛之緣起19-22 一、北魏太武帝滅佛19-21 二、北周武帝滅佛21-22 第二節 朗達瑪滅佛之緣起22-28 一、佛、苯第一次沖突22-25 二、佛、苯第二次鬥爭25-28 第三章唐武宗與朗達瑪滅佛原因之比較28-38 第一節 經濟原因之比較28-32 一、唐武宗時期寺院經濟膨脹28-30 二、朗達瑪時期寺院經濟迅速發展30-32 第二節 本土宗教原因之比較32-34 一、道教對佛教的排斥32-34 二、苯教對佛教的排斥34 第三節 政治原因之比較34-37 一、儒家與佛教的對抗34-36 二、朗達瑪滅佛的政治原因36-37 第四節 個人原因37-38 第四章 過程之比較38-40 第一節 唐武宗滅佛的過程38-39 第二節 朗達瑪滅佛的過程39-40 第五章唐武宗滅佛與朗達瑪滅佛對兩地佛教影響之比較40-43 第一節唐武宗滅佛對漢地佛教的影響40-41 第二節朗達瑪滅佛對藏傳佛教的影響41-43 第六章兩次滅佛對兩地文化的影響43-49 第一節唐武宗滅佛對漢地文化的影響43-45 第二節朗達瑪滅佛對藏地文化的影響45-49 第七章 啟示49-53 參考文獻53-56 攻讀碩士學位期間發表的論文56-58 後記58 |
| 點閱次數 | 1030 |
| 建檔日期 | 2008.07.03 |
| 更新日期 | 2015.12.04 |
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