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| 敦煌石窟早期密教狀況研究=A Study on the Early Esoteric Buddhism Situations in Dunhuang Grottoes | ||
| 作者 | 彭建兵 |
|---|---|
| 出版日期 | 2006.07.27 |
| 出版者 | 蘭州大學 |
| 出版者網址 | http://www.lzu.edu.cn/ |
| 出版地 | 蘭州, 中國 [Lanzhou, China] |
| 資料類型 | 博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation |
| 使用語言 | 中文=Chinese |
| 學位類別 | 碩士 |
| 校院名稱 | 蘭州大學 |
| 系所名稱 | 歷史文獻學 |
| 指導教授 | 杜斗城 |
| 畢業年度 | 2006 |
| 關鍵詞 | 敦煌石窟=Dunhuang Grottoes; 初唐以前=before the early Tang Dynasty; 早期密教=the early Esoteric Buddhism |
| 摘要 | 密教以高度組織化的咒術、儀軌與世俗信仰為主要特徵。中國密教淵源於古代印度密教,是由古印度、中亞僧人沿絲綢之路而傳入的。早期密教亦稱“雜密”。敦煌處於“絲綢之路”要衝,我們可以在敦煌石窟(包括莫高窟、西千佛洞、安西榆林窟、安西東千佛洞與肅北五個廟石窟等)中發現早期密教在中國的發展痕跡。本文從五個方面對初唐以前敦煌石窟中的早期密教狀況進行論述。 第一部分,以出土文物及傳世文獻對早期密教傳入敦煌的時間作出判斷。敦煌佛爺廟灣西晉白像畫像磚的發掘是敦煌早期密教傳入時間考察的直接證據。 “敦煌菩薩”竺法護譯出多部陀羅尼密典,這是西晉時期早期密教傳入敦煌的間接依據。第二部分,對初唐以前敦煌石窟中的藥師經變及藥師信仰、十一面觀音經變及十一面觀音信仰進行分析,認為藥師佛、十一面觀音菩薩的神通以及信仰他們所獲的現實利益是雜密經變及其信仰流行於敦煌的主要原因。第三部分,對初唐以前敦煌石窟中的康僧會、佛圖澄、劉薩訶、曇延等神僧形象進行分析,認為神僧的神異在敦煌信眾心目中佔據重要地位。第四部分,對盛唐以前敦煌石窟中的雜密七佛以及天龍八部護法神形象進行分析,認為雜密七佛以及天龍八部護法神之神通是佛教神秘主義的具體表現,對敦煌信眾信仰心理產生了很大作用。第五部分,從河西密教因素佛經的譯介、神僧在敦煌的弘法以及敦煌雜密抄經的流行三個方面分析了敦煌石窟早期密教因素出現的原因。 The main character of Esoteric Buddhism is the high degree organization of the auspiciousness, rituals and secular beliefs . Chinese Esoteric Buddhism which spread from the ancient Indian was disseminated by ancient Indian monks and the Central Asian monks along ancient Silk Road. The early Esoteric Buddhism is also named as "The Complex Esoteric Buddhism" .Dunhuang area lied in the communication center of ancient Silk Road.We can find the developed traces about the early Chinese Esoteric Buddhism in Dunhuang Grottoes(including Mogao Grottoes, Western Thousand —Buddha Grottoes , Yulin Grottoes in Anxi, Eastern Thousand—Buddha Grottoes and 5—temple Grottoes in Subei, etc.). This thesis was divided into five aspects to expound the early Esoteric Buddhism situations in Dunhuang Grottoes before the early Tang Dynasty.The first part, by analyzing excavated antiquities and historical literatures we may judge the times when the early Esoteric Buddhism spread into Dunhuang area. The bricks with white elephants excavated from Dunhuang Foyemiao—Wan combs at the Western Jin period were used for giving direct evidence to prove the right times when the early Esoteric Buddhism spred into Dunhuang area. Zhu Fahu , known as "Dunhuang Bodhisattva ", translated many sutras of Esoteric Buddhism, which is the indirect evidence about the early Esoteric Buddhism importing Dunhuang area at the Western Jin Dynasty. The second part, the paper analysed the change on Doctor Buddha sutras and its belief , the change on 11—face Guanyin sutras and its belief in Dunhuang Grottoes before the early Tang Dynasty. The supernatural capabilities of Doctor Buddha and 11—face Guanyin Bodhisattva and the actual benefit which people get from them by believing in them, which were main reasons about the change of Early Esoteric Buddhism sutras and their beliefs spreading in Dunhuang area. The third part, we think monks'supernatural faculties were occupied an important position in Dunhuang people's hearts through analysing Kang Senghui, Fo Tucheng, Liu Sahe, Tan Yan such monks' images in Dunhuang Grottoes before the early Tang Dynasty. The forth part, when analyzing the images of mysterious Seven Buddhas and guardians of Buddhism such as Gods, Dragons and eight—part Spirits before the early Tang Dynasty in Dunhuang Grottoes, we think supernatural faculties of them were exact represents of the mysterism of Buddhism , and functioned on Dunhuang Buddhist's psychology. The fifth part, we analyzed the reasons about the early Esoteric Buddhist factors appearing in Dunhuang Grottoes from three aspects:the translation of Hexi Esoteric Buddhist sutras, Buddhism dissemination by mysterious monks and the population of copying Complex Esoteric Buddhist sutras in Dunhuang area.The early Esoteric Buddhist situations in Dunhuang Grottoes before the early Tang Dynasty reflected that the Complex Esoteric Buddhism beliefs popularing in Dunhuang area, so that we can make clear the development of the early Esoteric Buddhism in Dunhuang area. |
| 目次 | 內容摘要(中文)4-5 內容摘要(英文)5-7 緒論7-9 第一章 早期密教傳入敦煌9-17 第一節 中國早期密教的傳入9-10 第二節敦煌早期密教傳入時間之考察10-17 第二章初唐以前軟煌石窟中的雜密經變及其相關信仰17-29 第一節初唐以前敦煌石窟中的《藥師經變》及藥師信仰17-24 第二節初唐以前敦煌石窟中的十一面觀音經變及其信仰24-29 第三章初唐以前軟煌石窟中的神僧形象29-39 第一節 康僧會29-31 第二節 佛圖澄31-33 第三節 劉薩訶33-35 第四節 曇延35-39 第四章初唐以前敦煌石窟中的雜密七佛及護法神形象39-59 第一節 七佛39-43 第二節 天王與神王、力士43-51 第三節 其他護法神51-59 第五章初唐以前敦煌石窟密教因素出現原因分析59-79 第一節 河西密教因素佛經的譯介59-65 第二節 神僧在敦煌的駐錫弘法65-68 第三節 敦煌雜密抄經的流行68-79 結論79-81 參考文獻81-87 後記87 |
| 點閱次數 | 519 |
| 建檔日期 | 2008.06.30 |
| 更新日期 | 2015.11.20 |
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