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| Reading the Tibetan Buddhist Kalachakra Mandala in James Hilton's Lost Horizon=從西藏佛教傳統香巴拉神話之時輪金剛曼陀羅探討希爾頓小說《消失的地平線》 | ||
| 作者 | Lin, Chiou-yuan (著)=林久淵 (au.) |
|---|---|
| 頁次 | 98 |
| 出版者 | 靜宜大學英國語文學系研究所 |
| 出版者網址 | http://web.pu.edu.tw/~eng/ |
| 出版地 | 臺中市, 臺灣 [Taichung shih, Taiwan] |
| 資料類型 | 博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation |
| 使用語言 | 英文=English |
| 學位類別 | 碩士 |
| 校院名稱 | 靜宜大學 |
| 系所名稱 | 英國語文學系研究所 |
| 指導教授 | 海柏=Patricia Haseltine |
| 畢業年度 | 94 |
| 關鍵詞 | Kalachakra=金剛乘; Prajna=般若; Tantra=密續; Mandala=曼陀羅; The Wheel of Time=時輪金剛; Shangri-La=香格里拉; Shambhala=香巴拉 |
| 摘要 | This thesis aims to explore the relationship between the teaching of the Tibetan Buddhist Kalachakra in the Shambhala myth and James Hilton’s novel Lost Horizon. This reading of the Kalachakra Tantric concept in Hilton’s Lost Horizon shows that the characters in the novel manifest the cardinal elements that are represented by the spirit and body of the Kalachakra mandala. A distinctive teaching of Tantrism is the union of the masculine and feminine principle; therefore, a holistic reading replaces the loss of the feminine element in Hilton’s Lost Horizon. Hilton inclines the cultural aspect of his novel toward Tibetan Buddhist philosophy but distorts the importance of feminine energy in Tibetan Buddhism. His patriarchal writing has blurred the image of a unitary relationship in the Tantric mind and suppressed the female voice. It is found in this paper how the feminine force is reconstituted to coincide with masculine benevolent power to complete the spiritual transformation in a symmetrical relationship of human and cosmos. The Manchu girl Lo-Tsen in the novel is proficient in playing musical instruments. Her melodies symbolize the life rhythms, which are dynamic and free flowing beyond the order of words. Mainly because she cannot speak English, she becomes the silent female character in the novel and indicative of suppressed female power. Her silence has two significances: it may represent the weakness of the female voice under the male dominance. Or, it may reflect that female power is hidden and intangible behind or underneath the patriarchal system. Through silence, this powerful female figure leads readers to review the unitary principle of male and female in both the human body and the cosmic order. This paper is divided into five chapters. Chapter One introduces the Shambhala myth of the Tibetan Buddhist tradition and the primary concept of the Kalachakra Tantra. How different visions are held by East and West toward the utopian place and contrast in their interpretations of Shangri-La and Shambhala are discussed. Chapter Two begins with the journey of spiritual transformation. The novel’s characters Conway, Barnard, Brinklow, and Mallinson hold diverse beliefs on entering Shangri-La and confront the trials of one’s life cycle in mind and body. The death of old beliefs and regeneration of new beliefs are key factors to cause the spiritual transformation. Their characteristics personalize the aggregates in the body of human and nature and also represent the different levels of spirituality. In Chapter Three, there is a discussion of the feminine force unfolding in the supplementary principles of Tantric philosophy. The analysis aims to reconstruct the complete image of the feminine force and to find a balance of male and female concepts that Hilton negates or neglects in Lost Horizon. Chapter Four analyses the reintegration of the Buddha nature in human mind. Unifying the mythic diagram of the inner Kalachakra mandala with the Five Buddhas, the personification and deifying elements are collected in the characters arranged in an order derived from the Supreme Being beyond the union of dual concepts. In Chapter Five, I conclude with a focus on the significance of the title of Lost Horizon. By reading the Tibetan Buddhist philosophy in Lost Horizon, readers remove the obstructions to spiritual transformation and pass through the tunnel of spiritual transformation to enlightenment. 本論文主要探討英國作家希爾頓小說《消失的地平線》中的西藏香巴拉傳說及時輪金剛密續。全文以時輪金剛密續的基本概念作為主軸，藉由時輪曼陀羅的基本形構與希爾頓小說人物的主要個人特質的關連性，探討展現在希爾頓小說敘事中的陰陽平衡及對稱關係。 作者在小說中安排了藏傳佛教傳統的思想，但扭曲了女性神祇在藏傳佛教中扮演的重要角色，內容呈現了以女性化身存在的陰性力量受到書寫的壓迫，人格化的陰陽力量因此失衡，一如地平線的陰陽平衡消失殆盡，成為本論文探討希爾頓小說與藏傳佛教傳統精神之間的重新對比與整合的關鍵。滿州女孩羅澄精通琴藝，她的琴聲象徵著流動在文字框架內外的生命律動，由於不諳英文，她成為沈默的女性角色並具有指標作用，一方面代表著女性及其力量受制而失去文字的表達能力，一方面則代表著陰性力量退而隱藏在文字背後，以沈默的方式指引她的讀者重新檢視陰陽平衡的自然法則。 本論文分為五個章節，第一章介紹貫穿全文的西藏傳統香巴拉神話及時輪金剛密續概念，藉由香格里拉故事與香巴拉神話的關連性勾勒出東西方文化觀點在認知人間淨土概念上的差異。第二章主要為心靈轉化啟程，以康威一行四人正式踏入香格里拉境內做為起點，個人信念的轉折則代表著心靈上舊有概念的死亡與新概念的再生，成為心靈轉化、提 |
| 目次 | Chapter One: Introduction 1 Utopian Vision in East and West 1 Religious Approach to the Eastern Utopia 2 The Wars for Mind 4 The Connection between Shangri-La and Shambhala 6 Tibetan Myth, Shambhala 7 The Kalachakra 11 Making Use of the Kalachakra mandala 14 Chapter Two: The Initiation to Spiritual Transformation 19 Eliminating the Fear to Death with the Vision of Permanent Life 20 Going through Transformation with Mental Death 20 Primordial Image of Sacred Space 21 Dakini and Daka as Messengers 24 First Layer: Belief 30 Second Layer: Feeling 37 Third Layer: Perception 39 Fourth Layer: Forms 40 Fifth Layer: Consciousness 42 Chapter Three: Unfolding the Essence of Hidden Feminine Power 47 The Union of the Masculine Principle and Female Principle Embodied in Kalachakra Tantra 48 Geographical Features/Nature in Shangri-La 49 Kalachakra Tantra as the Female Annutarayoga in Shambhala 50 Male View of Females/Femininity 52 Male and Female Imbalance in Lost Horizon 53 Etymological Analysis of “Lama” 54 The Absence of Female Identity 56 The High Lama: A Combination of Male and Female Energies 59 Chapter Four: Unifying Diverse Elements as Reintegration 62 Basic Elements of the Kalachakra Mandala 62 The Cardinal Elements Characterized in Lost Horizon 65 Colors Associated with Inner Divinities 66 Panch Buddhas (Five Buddhas/Wisdom) 68 Chapter Five: Conclusion 78 |
| 點閱次數 | 1333 |
| 建檔日期 | 2007.03.22 |
| 更新日期 | 2016.05.30 |
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